AB 1 Flashcards
(18 cards)
What is the process of reproduction in strawberry organisms?
Strawberry organisms reproduce by mitosis, resulting in offspring that are genetically identical.
How does sexual reproduction differ from asexual reproduction?
In sexual reproduction, genetic information from two parents is combined through fertilization, leading to unique offspring and variation.
What is genetics?
Genetics is the study of inherited characteristics and how they are passed from one generation to another.
What is genetic variation?
Genetic variation refers to the differences in looks and behavior among sexually reproduced organisms due to slight differences in their genes.
What is environmental variation?
Environmental variation is caused by differences in environment, such as upbringing, experiences, food, and hairstyles.
What is the human genome?
The human genome is the complete set of DNA in a human, including all of its genes.
What is the structure of the nucleus?
The nucleus is surrounded by an envelope, contains pores for molecule passage, and houses chromatin and the nucleolus.
What is the importance of the nucleus?
The nucleus contains genetic material (DNA) and is essential for cell division, growth, and healing.
What happens to DNA before cell division?
Before cell division, DNA condenses, coils up, and forms chromosomes.
What is mitosis?
Mitosis is the division of one nucleus into two genetically identical nuclei.
What are the phases of mitosis in an animal cell?
The phases are Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, and Cytokinesis.
What occurs during Prophase?
The nuclear envelope disappears, chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes, and spindle fibers begin to form.
What occurs during Metaphase?
Spindle fibers bind to the centromere regions of chromosomes, aligning them at the equatorial plate.
What occurs during Anaphase?
Sister chromatids move towards the centrosomes as spindle fibers shorten.
What occurs during Telophase?
Two daughter nuclei form, the nuclear membrane reappears, and chromosomes become less condensed.
What is Cytokinesis?
Cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm, resulting in two separate cells.
What is the main function of mitosis?
The main functions of mitosis are regeneration, asexual reproduction, and growth.
How many chromosomes are present in a human cell?
There are 46 chromosomes in a human cell, organized into 23 pairs.
