AB 2 Flashcards
(17 cards)
What is Mitosis?
Mitosis is the process of cell division that results in two identical daughter cells.
What occurs during the cell cycle?
The cell cycle includes phases where the cell grows, duplicates its DNA, and divides.
What happens during the S-Phase?
DNA replication occurs during the S-Phase of interphase.
What is the role of helicase in DNA replication?
Helicase unwinds and splits the DNA strands.
What is Chargaff’s rule?
Chargaff’s rule states that in DNA, the amount of adenine (A) equals thymine (T) and the amount of cytosine (C) equals guanine (G).
Who proposed the double helical structure of DNA?
James D. Watson and Francis H.C. Crick proposed the double helical structure of DNA in 1953.
What are the building blocks of DNA?
The building blocks of DNA are nucleotides, which consist of a base, a sugar (deoxyribose), and a phosphate group.
What is the function of messenger proteins?
Messenger proteins transmit signals to coordinate biological processes between different cells, tissues, and organs.
What is the role of enzymes in biochemical reactions?
Enzymes carry out biochemical reactions and assist with the production and breakdown of molecules.
What is transcription in the context of protein synthesis?
Transcription is the process of passing information from DNA to mRNA.
What is translation in protein synthesis?
Translation is the process of converting the sequence of bases in mRNA into a sequence of amino acids to form a protein.
What is the significance of the amino acid sequence?
The sequence of amino acids determines the protein’s structure and function.
What happens to proteins under extreme conditions?
Proteins undergo denaturation, losing their shape and function under extreme heat or pH.
What is the sugar-phosphate backbone?
The sugar-phosphate backbone is the framework of DNA and RNA, consisting of sugar molecules and phosphate groups.
What is the role of transfer RNA (tRNA)?
Transfer RNA (tRNA) brings the necessary amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis.
What is the structure of DNA?
DNA has a double helix structure formed by two strands of nucleotides linked by hydrogen bonds.
What are the four bases of DNA?
The four bases of DNA are adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G).
