ABA III Flashcards
(21 cards)
Empiricism
The object of observation of the phenomena of interest; objective observations are “independent prejudices, tastes, and private opinions of the scientist…Results of empirical methods are objective in that they are open to anyone’s observation and do not depend on the subject belief of the individual scientist.”
parsimony
The practice of ruling out simple, logical explanations, experimentally or conceptually, before considering more complex or abstract explanations.
operant behavior
Behavior that is selected; maintained and brought under stimulus control as a function of its consequences; each person’s repertoire of operant behavior is a product of its history of interactions with the environment (ontogeny).
Premack Principle
A principle that states that making the opportunity to engage in a high-probability behavior contingent on the occurrence of a low-frequency behavior will function as reinforcement for the low-frequency behavior.
Respondent behavior
The response component of a reflex; behavior is elicited, or induced, by an antecedent stimuli.
Restitutional (Types of Overcorrection)
Contingent on the problem behavior, the learner is required to repair the damage or return the environment to its original state and then to engage in additional behavior to bring the environment to a condition vastly better than it was prior to the misbehavior.
Positive Practice (Types of overcorrection)
A form of overcorrections in which, contingent on an occurrence of the target behavior, the learner is required to repeat a correct form of the behavior, or a behavior incompatible with the problem behavior, a specific number of times; entails an educative component
Fixed interval reinforcement
A schedule of reinforcement in which is delivered for the first response emitted following the passage of a fixed duration of time since the last response was reinforced (e.g., on an FI-3 mib schedule, the first response following the passage of 3 minutes is reinforced.
Variable interval reinforcement
A schedule of reinforcement that provides reinforcement for the first correct response following the elapse of variable durations of time occurring in a random or unpredictable order. The mean duration of the intervals is used to describe the schedule (e.g., on a VI 10-min schedule, reinforcement is delivered for the first response following an average of 10 minutes since the last reinforced response, but the time that elapsed following the last reinforced response might range from 30 seconds or less to 25 minutes or more.)
Motivating Operation
An environmental variable that (a) alters (increases or decreases) the reinforcing or punishing effectiveness of some stimulus, object, or event; and (b) alters (increases or decreases) the current frequency of all behavior that has been reinforced or punished by that stimulus, object, or event.
Establishing Operation
A motivating operation that establishes (increases) the effectiveness of some stimulus, objects, or even such as a reinforcer. For example, food deprivation establishes food as an effective reinforcer.
Abolishing Operations
A motivating operation that decreases the reinforcing effectiveness of stimulus, object, or event. For example, the reinforcing effectiveness of food is abolished as a result of food ingestion.
CMO S
A stimulus that acquires its MO effectiveness by being paired with another MO and has the same value-altering and behavior-altering effects as the MO with which it was paired.
CMO R
A stimulus that acquires MO effectiveness by preceding some form of worsening or improvement. It is exemplified by the warning stimulus in a typical escape-avoidance procedure, which establishes its own offset as reinforcement and evokes all behavior that has accomplished that offset.
CMO T
An environmental variable that, as a result of a learning history, establishes (or abolishes) the reinforcing effectiveness of another stimulus and evokes (or abates) the behavior that has been reinforced by that other stimulus.
Sdelta
When one stimulus signals the availability of reinforcement and the absence of that stimulus signals a zero or reduced chance of reinforcement, responses will occur more often in the presence of the Sd than in its absence (the Sdelta)
Autoclictic
The autoclitic relations involve two interlocking levels of verbal behavior emitted in one utterance. One lever is a primary response, while the other type is the secondary autoclitic response. Autoclitic behavior benefits the listener by providing additional information regarding the primary response.
Point to point correspondence
A relation between the stimulus and response or response product that occurs when the beginning, middles, and end of the verbal stimulus matches the beginning, middles and end of the verbal response. The verbal relations with point-to-point correspondence are echoic, copying text, imitations as it relates to sign language, textual, and transcription.
Formal similarity
Occurs when the controlling antecedent stimulus and the response or response product (*a) share the same sense mode (e.g., both stimulus and response are visual, auditory, or tactile) and (b) physically resemble each other. Verbal relations with formal similarity are echoic, copying a text, and imitations as it relates to sign language.
Convergent multiple control
Occurs when a single verbal response is a function of more than one controlling variable. May be evoked by MOs (making it part mand), verbal discriminative stimuli (making it part echoic, intraverbal, or textual), nonverbal stimuli (making it part tact), or the presence of a specific audience.
Divergent multiple control
Occurs when a single antecedent variable affects the strength of many responses. Example: A single word (football) will evoke a variety of intraverbal responses from different people, and the same person at different times.
