Abdo

Question 1

two layers of superficial fascia?

Answer 1

Camper’s fascia - outter, fatty, contains veins, nerves

Scarpa’s fascia - inner, membranous, binds to fascia lata below inguinal ligament and posteriorly to thoracolumbar fascia, enters scrotum as Colle’s fascia

Question 2

deep fascia is where and called what?

Answer 2

below muscles

transversalis fascia (endoabdominal fascia)

Question 3

deep ring of inguinal canal

where

anatomical relations

Answer 3

1 cm above mindpoint of inguinal ligament

inferior epigastric a. on its medial side

transversalis fascia invaginates it

Question 4

superificial ring of inguinal canal

Answer 4

superomedial to pubic tubercle

opening through external oblique aponeurosis

lateral crus attached to pubic tubercle

medial crus - to pubic crest

Question 5

walls of inguinal canal

Answer 5

anterior:

aponeuroses of external and internal oblique

posterior

transversalis fascia, conjoint tendon emdially

roof

arching muscles of internal oblique and transverse abdominis

floor

inguinal ligament

Question 6

inguinal cnaanl contains what>

Answer 6

spermatic cord in amles

round ligament of the uterus in demale

Question 7

spermatic cord is made up of

and contains

Answer 7

internal spermatic fascia from transversalis fascia

cremasteric fascia + muscle from internal obilque

external spermatic fascia from external oblique aponeurosis

contains:

1. ductus vas deferens
2. processus vaginalis remnant (fibrous crod)
3. Three arteries: testicular artery, deferential a. of vas, cremasteric a. + three veins accompanying the arteries
4. pampiniform plexus of veins
5. lymph vessels
6. Three nerves: ilioinguinal, genitofemoral, sympathetics T10, T11

Question 8

inguinal triangle borders:

Answer 8

Medial - linea semilunaris

lateral - inferior epigastric artery

Inferior - inguinal ligament

conjoint tnedon (supplied by L1) acts as shutter

Question 9

indirect inguinal hernia

Answer 9

from deep ring through inguinal canal out through superficial ring

Question 10

direct inguinal hernia

Answer 10

enters into inguinal canal NOT through deep ring, and exits through superficial ring

Question 11

femoral hernia

Answer 11

through femoral canal

from below inguinal ligament

lateral to pubic tubercle

Question 12

how to differentiate inguinal and femoral hernias

Answer 12

INGUINAL protrudes through external ring - above and medial to pubic tubercle

FEMORAL is below and lateral to pubic tubercle

Question 13

other types of hernias

Answer 13

umbilical

paraumbilical

lumbar

epigastric

spigelian

hiatus

Question 14

mind-inguinal point

Answer 14

midpoint between ASIS and pubic symphysis

ref Femoral ARTERY

Question 15

midpoint of inguinal ligament

Answer 15

midpt between ASIS and PUBIC TUBERCLE

ref deep inguinal ring

Question 16

ref femoral artery?

Answer 16

mininguinal point (asis to symphysis)

Question 17

ref deep inguinal ring?

Answer 17

mindpt of inguinal ligament (asis to tubercle)

Question 18

subdivisions of gut

Answer 18

foregut: oesophagus, pharynx, stomach, 1st part of duodenum

midgut: 3/4 of distal duedenum, jejunum, ileum, caecum, ascending colon, 2/3 transverse colon

hindgut: remainder except anal canal

stomadeum

proctodeum

Question 19

falciform ligament

Answer 19

conncects liver to anterior wall

Question 20

lesser omentum

Answer 20

(gastrohepatic ligament) connects liver to stomach

has and epiploic foramen connceting to lesser sac (omental bursa)

Question 21

dorsal mesogastria

Answer 21

gastrosplenic

spleno-renal

greater omentum

Question 22

mesenteries remaining in adults

Answer 22

the mesentery: jejunum, ileum

transverse mesocolon: transverse colon

sigmoid mesocolon: sigmoid colon

Question 23

retroperitoneal organs

Answer 23

are immobile

primary: kidneys

secondary:

1. pancreas,
2. distal 3/4 of duodenum
3. ascending colon
4. descending colon

Question 24

intraperitoneal organs (have mesentery)

Answer 24

2. liver
3. spleen
4. stomach
5. 1st part of duedenum
6. jejunum
7. ileum
8. transverse colon
9. sigmoid colon
10. superior rectum

Question 25

IVC limits

Answer 25

begins at L5 pierces central tendon of diaphragm at T8

Question 26

IVC does NOT directly receive blood from?..

Answer 26

IVC does NOT directly receive blood from digestive tract, pancreas, spleen

Question 27

hepatic portal veins is formed from

Answer 27

spelnic, sup. mesenteric and inf. mesenteric veins

Question 28

celiac trunk level and branches

Answer 28

**T12** supllies foregut _branches:_ **left gastric -a**. stomach, oesophagus **common hepatic a**. - liver **splenic a** - stomach, pancreas, spleen