Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

LMCC > Abdo > Flashcards

Abdo Flashcards

(74 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Charcot’s Triad

A
  1. Fever
  2. Abdo pain
  3. Jaundice
    Suggestive of ascending acute cholangitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Gold standard for GERD

A

24h pH monitor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Therapy for peptic ulcer disease

A

Triple therapy: clarithro + amox + ppi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Pancreatitis dx

A

2/3 of:

  1. classic epigastric pain
  2. lipase >3x ULN
  3. Evidence of pancreatitis on imaging
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Pancreatitis tx

A
  1. Fluid resuscitation (aggressive)
  2. Analgesia (IV opioids)
  3. Gut rest/NPO with slow advancement
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Who to treat with asymptomatic bacteruria

A

Pregnant patients

Patients with upcoming Uro surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Complicated UTI

A

Males
Females >55 with Uro complications
SCI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Most common type of ureteral stone

A

Ca-Oxalate or Ca-Phosphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Non radio-opaque renal stones

A

Uric acid

Indinavir (HIV drug)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

CT findings for appendicitis

A
  1. Enlarged appendix >6mm with occluded lumen
  2. Wall thickening >2mm
  3. Potential fecolith or obstructing structure
  4. Fat stranding
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Diverticulitis recurrence rates

A

1/3 will have second attack

1/3 of those will have third attack

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Pancreatitis mortality measurement

A

Ranson’s Criteria

  • At admission:
    • Age in years >55yo
    • WBC >16 x10^9
    • Blood glucose >10mmol/L
    • Serum AST >250 U/L
    • Serum LDH >350 U/L
  • At 48h
    • Calcium (serum <2)
    • Hematocrit fall >10%
    • Oxygen (hypoxemia PO2 < 60mmHg)
    • BUN increased by 1.8 or more mmol/L after IV fluid hydration
    • Base deficit >4 mEq/L
    • Sequestration of fluids >6L
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Vitamin A deficiency symptoms

A

Night blindness and corneal drying

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Vitamin B3/Niacin deficiency symptoms

A

Diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Vitamin B12/Cobalamin deficiency symptoms

A

Tingling, numbness and spastic paresis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Vitamin C deficiency

A

Gingival bleeding and hyperkeratosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Vitamin B2/Riboflavin deficiency

A

Stomatitis, glossitis, seborrheic dermatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Most consistent physical exam finding in patients with portal hypertension

A

Splenomegaly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome

A

Non-beta islet cell, gastrin-secreting tumour of pancreas
Gastrin –> increase influx of acid into stomach = ulcerative disease
Large multiple ulcers typically in distal duodenum or jejunum
Dx: endoscopy and fasting serum gastrin
Persistent high gastrin despite infusion of secretin (which normally inhibits gastrin secretion)
Tx: high dose PPI and curative sx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Reynaud’s Pentad

A 
RUQ pain 
Fever
jaundice 
Hypotension
Altered mental status 
Suggestive of suppurative cholangitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Treatment for primary biliary cirrhosis

A

Transplant

Ursodeoxycholic Acid can help slow progression (bile acid that helps move bile through the liver)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Crohn’s disease

A

Transmural
Entire gut (most common location = ileum and ascending colon)
Abdo cramps, non-bloody diarrhea, weight loss
Endoscopy: cobblestoning, ulcers
Histo: Non-caseating granulomas, glands intact
AXR: String sign
Colon CA increase risk if >30% colon involved

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Crohn’s disease acute tx

A

Prednisone 40mg OD

IV methylpred if severe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Crohn’s disease maintenance

A

5-aminosalycilic acid (Mesalazine)

Cipro or Flagyl in pts who don’t tolerate 5-ASA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Refractory Crohn's disease tx
Immunosuppression - Azathioprine - 6-MP - MTX Immunomodulators - TNF-antagonists: Infliximab, adalimumab Combo infliximab + azathioprine proven to be more effective together
26
Derm condition a/w IBD
Erythema nodosum (CD > UC)
27
Ulcerative colitis tx
5-ASA (mesalamine) for maintenance Steroids for acute attack Infliximab (immunosuppresant) + steroid if severe Azathioprine used in combo therapies typically for maintenance Colectomy for curative tx
28
Virchow's node
Left supraclavicular node a/w gastric CA (Also gallbladder, pancreas, kidneys, testicles, ovaries or prostate CA) Typically felt in advanced stage
29
Right supraclavicular node
Drains thoracic malignancies
30
Dubin-Johnson Syndrome
Benign liver dz distinguished by direct hyperbilirubinemia
31
Gilbert syndrome
``` Hereditary dz (auto dom or recessive) Indirect hyperbilirubinemia caused by glucuronosyl transferase activity ```
32
Primary sclerosing cholangitis biomarker
ANCA+
33
Primary biliary cirrhosis biomarker
AMA+ | IgM increased
34
Primary sclerosing cholangitis often a/w ____
ulcerative colitis
35
PSC tx
Transplant | ERCP for strictures
36
Wilson's disease lab finding
Low ceruloplasmin (copper carrying protein)
37
Wilson's disease tx
Chelation with D-penicillamine | Maintenance with zinc
38
``` HBsAG + Anti-HBc + IgM Anti-HBc + anti-HBs neg HBeAg+ Anti-HBe - ```
Acutely infected
39
HBsAg neg Anti HBc neg Anti HBs neg
Susceptible
40
``` HBsAg + Anti-HBc IgG + IgM anti-HBc neg anti-HBs neg HBeAg+ Anti-HBe - ```
Chronically infected (high infectivity)
41
HBsAg neg anti-HBc pos anti-HBs pos
Immune due to natural infection
42
``` HBsAg neg Anti-HBc neg Anti-HBs pos HBeAg - Anti-HBe - ```
Immune due to vaccination
43
Treatment for ascending acute cholangitis
ERCP sphincterectomy
44
Smoking and Crohn's
Bad
45
Smoking and UC
Good | But still advise them to quit
46
Zollinger Ellison imaging
Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy = detects primary or metastatic lesions in ZES Gastrinoma a/w increased number of somatostain receptors which can be detected through this test
47
Radiologic sign of CD
String sign
48
Radiologic sign of midgut volvulus
Whirlpool sign
49
Pharmaco tx for alcoholic hepatitis
Steroids | Pentoxyfyllin
50
PBC serum markers
IgM | AMA+
51
AI hepatitis serum marers
AST/ALTs in thousands IgG ANA+ ASMA+
52
Hereditary hemochromatosis tx
Venesection and phlebotomy Chelation with desferrioxamine (usually last line) Avoid Vit C
53
PSC serum markers
ANCA+ IGG AMA
54
SAAG > 11
Portal HTN related
55
SAAG < 11
Non-portal HTN related (infection, pancreatitis, TB)
56
SBP indications
T > 37.8 Abdo pain Change in mental status Ascitic fluid PMN count >250 cells/mm3
57
SBP tx
Discontinue BB Empiric tx (3rd gen cephalosporin ie. cefotax or CTX) Tailor tx once cultures back Typically 5d IV albumin to decrease renal failure risk
58
Long-term abx prophylaxis against SBP for these types of patients
``` Cirrhosis and GI bleeding > 1 epi of SBP Cirrhosis and ascites + impaired renal function or liver failure Can use septra, cipro, norfloxacin Acutely can use Ceftriaxone IV ```
59
SAAG > 11 with total protein >25g/L
Cardiac portal HTN
60
SAAG > 11 with total protein <25g/L
Cirrhosis portal HTN
61
Abx of choice for gastric paresis secondary to diabetes
Erythromycin
62
``` HBsAg + Anti-HBs - HBeAg - Anti- HBe + Anti-HBc IgG ```
Chronic HBV (low infectivity)
63
Osmotic agents tx for constipation
Lactulose Peg 3350 Sorbitol Mg salts
64
Stimulant tx for constipation
Senna | Bisacodyl
65
Bulking agent tx for constipation
Metamucil
66
Preferred dx modality for PSC
MRCP
67
Primary biliary cholangitis
AI destruction of INTRAhepatic bile ductules Unknown cause Gradual progression to cirrhosis
68
Primary sclerosing cholangitis
AI inflammation of biliary tract Unknown cause Increased incidence of cholangiocarcinoma
69
Location of bile acid resorption
Terminal ileum
70
Location of dietary fat resorption
Jejunum
71
Diagnostic test for achalasia
Esophageal manometry
72
Barrett's esophagus follow-up if no dysplasia
Repeat endoscopy q3-5yr
73
Barrett's esophagus follow-up if high-grade dysplasia
Regular/frequent surveillance with intensive biopsy, endoscopy ablation/resection or esophagectomy
74
Barrett's esophagus follow-up if low-grade dysplasia
Surveillance q6mo-1yr and endoscopic ablation/resection

LMCC (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions