Abdomen 1

Question 1

what is the visceral peritoneum

Answer 1

covers the viscera in the abdomen

Question 2

whats the parietal peritoneum

Answer 2

lines the walls of the abdomen

Question 3

whats the peritoneal cavity

Answer 3

potential space between the visceral and parietal peritoneum that is filled with a small amount of serous fluid

Question 4

what are mesenteries

Answer 4

a double layer of peritoneum that connects visceral peritoneum to parietal
peritoneum, anchoring viscera to the abdominal wall and transmits nerves and blood vessels to viscera

Question 5

whats omenta

Answer 5

is a double layer of visceral peritoneum that connects
viscera to each other

Question 6

where does the lesser omentum connect

Answer 6

the lesser omentum connects the lesser curvature of the stomach to the
liver

Question 7

what does the greater omentum connect

Answer 7

connects the greater curvature of the stomach to the
transverse colon

Question 8

what are retroperitoneal organs

Answer 8

Organs that are posterior to parietal peritoneum are called

Question 9

what are the retroperitoneal organs

Answer 9

kidneys
ureters
pancreas (most of it)
duodenum (part of it)
ascending colon
descending colon
rectum

Question 10

describe the esophagus

Answer 10

The esophagus is a muscular tube in the thorax

Question 11

whats the abdominal esophagus

Answer 11

a small portion of the esophagus that enters the abdomen by passing through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm.

Question 12

whats is the purpose of the lower esophageal sphincter

Answer 12

a
smooth muscle sphincter at the esophageal-cardiac junction and prevents food from refluxing
into the esophagus

Question 13

where is the stomach located

Answer 13

left upper quadrant of abdomen

Question 14

what are the functions of the stomach

Answer 14

secretes hydrochloric acid and digestive enzymes and breaks down food
The stomach regulates the rate at which
chyme enters the small intestine, where absorption occurs

Question 15

what are the contents of the stomach

Answer 15

a mixture of partially digested food, enzymes, and fluid called chyme

Question 16

4 regions of the stomach

Answer 16

cardia, fundus, body, and pylorus

Question 17

what is the cardia

Answer 17

The cardia is the region where the esophagus enters the
stomach

Question 18

what is the fundus

Answer 18

area that bulges superior to the espohageal opening

Question 19

what is the body of the stomach

Answer 19

the main portion

Question 20

what is the plyorus of the stomach

Answer 20

is the outlet of the stomach and contains a thick layer of circular
smooth muscle, called the pyloric sphincter

Question 21

what does the pyloric sphincter do

Answer 21

control the passage of chyme into the small intestine

Question 22

what is rugae

Answer 22

folds on the internal wall of the stomach which allow for expansion

Question 23

whats the lesser curvature

Answer 23

the right upper border of the stomach

Question 24

whats the greater curvature

Answer 24

left lower border of the stomach

Question 25

whats the greater omentum

Answer 25

connects the greater curvature of the stomach to the transverse colon

Question 26

whats the lesser omentum

Answer 26

attaches from the lesser curvature
of the stomach to the liver. The lesser omentum contains the portal triad (

Question 27

3 parts of the small intestine

Answer 27

duodenum
jejunum
ileum

Question 28

duodenum

Answer 28

proximal part of the small intestine that is mostly retroperitoneal
(~1 foot long)
The common bile duct and main pancreatic duct empty bile and pancreatic juices into the
duodenum via the ampulla of Vater (hepatopancreatic ampulla) and major duodenal
papilla. The ampulla of Vater is surrounded by the sphincter of Oddi (hepatopancreatic
sphincter), which is a smooth muscle sphincter that regulates the release of bile and
pancreatic juices from the ampulla of Vater

Question 29

jejunum

Answer 29

middle part of the small intestine
~8 feet long

Question 30

ileum

Answer 30

distal part of the small intestine that leads to the large intestine
The ileum (~12 feet long)

Question 31

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The inner lining of the small intestine has folds called

Answer 31

plicae circularis (circular folds)

Question 32

what is the major function of the small intestine

Answer 32

absorption of nutrients from food

Answer 33

The ileum has a thinner wall, less prominent circular folds, and mounds in the
epithelium called Peyer’s Patches, that demarcate nodes of lymphoid tissue in the
underlying submucosa.

Question 34

what leads to the large intestine

Answer 34

the ileum