abdomen 2

Question 1

branches of SMA

Answer 1

Intestinal (jejunal and ileal) branches
Inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries
Middle colic artery
Right colic artery
Ileocolic artery
Appendicular artery

Question 2

branches of IMA

Answer 2

Left colic artery
Sigmoid arteries
Superior rectal artery

Question 3

marginal artery is made of

Answer 3

anastomes between
right colic
left colic
middle colic

Question 4

there are less arcases and longer rects near the

Answer 4

jejunum

Question 5

there are more arcades and shorter vasa recta near the

Answer 5

ileum

Question 6

inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries supply

Answer 6

the pancreas and duodenum and anastomose with the superior pancreaticoduodenal arteries

Question 7

the middle colic supplies

Answer 7

transverse colon

Question 8

right colic artery travel

Answer 8

to right to supply the ascending colon

Question 9

ileocolic artery travels

Answer 9

toward the ileocecal junction to supply the distal ileum and cecum

Question 10

the appendicular artery

Answer 10

is a branch of the ileocolic artery that supplies the appendix

Question 11

left colic travels

Answer 11

travels to the left to supply the descending colon

Question 12

sigmoid artery

Answer 12

is often present as several branches that supply the sigmoid colon

Question 13

superior rectal artery

Answer 13

descends to supply the superior part of the rectum

Question 14

hepatic portal vein

Answer 14

formed by splenic vein and superior mesenteric vein joining together, the inferior mesenteric vein drains into the splenic

Question 15

cranial parasympathetic outflow to the abdominal viscera

Answer 15

Preganglionic parasympathetic neuron arises from brainstem
Conveyed in vagus nerve (CN X)
Innervates gut tube until the splenic flexure

Question 16

Sacral parasympathetic outflow to abdominal viscera:

Answer 16

Preganglionic parasympathetic neuron arises from S2-S4
Conveyed in pelvic splanchnic nerves
Innervates gut tube distal to the splenic flexure

Question 17

vagus nerve

Answer 17

Carries preganglionic parasympathetic neurons from the brainstem to the stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, kidneys, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, appendix, ascending colon, and transverse colon

Question 18

Pelvic splanchnic nerves

Answer 18

Pelvic splanchnic nerves arise from the ventral rami of S2-S4
Parasympathetic preganglionic neurons travel through ventral rootlets, ventral roots, spinal nerves, and ventral rami of S2-S4 to enter pelvic splanchnic nerves
Carry parasympathetic preganglionic fibers from S2-S4 to the descending colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum

Question 19

vagus nerve conveys

Answer 19

preganglionic parasympathetic neurons from the brainstem to the gut tube up to the splenic flexure

Question 20

pelvic splanchnic nerves convery

Answer 20

preganglionic parasympathetic neurons from S2-S4 to the gut tube distal to the splenic flexure

Question 21

celiac ganglion

Answer 21

supplies sympathetic postganglionic innervation to the foregut

Question 22

superior mesenteric gnaglion

Answer 22

supplies sympathetic postganglionic innervation to the midgut

Question 23

inferior mesenteric ganglion

Answer 23

supplies sympathetic postganglionic innervation to the hindgut

Question 24

renal arteries

Answer 24

travel horizontally from the aorta to supply the kidneys

Question 25

renal veins

Answer 25

drain into the IVC

Question 26

gonadal arteries

Answer 26

branch from the aorta and supply the gonads (i.e., testes and ovaries)

Question 27

gonadal veins

Answer 27

Right gonadal vein drains into the IVC Left gonadal vein drains into the left renal vein

Question 28

ureters

Answer 28

extend inferiorly from the kidneys and travel through the retroperitoneal space The ureters carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder, which is located in the pelvic cavity

Question 29

adrenal glands

Answer 29

rest on the superior poles of kidneys are involved in the body’s stress response as they release epinephrine, norepinephrine, and cortisol into the bloodstream

Question 30

the kidney outer layer

Answer 30

renal cortex

Question 31

inner renal region

Answer 31

renal medulla

Question 32

components of kidneys

Answer 32

composed of minor (mC) and major (MC) calyces leading into the renal pelvis and the ureter

Question 33

kidneys purpose

Answer 33

filter blood and concentrate urine, which leaves the kidneys via the calyces, renal pelvis, and ureter

Question 34

kidney renal medulla is divided into 3 structures

Answer 34

renal pyramids renal papillae renal colimns

Question 35

muscles of posterior abdominal wall

Answer 35

Psoas major Psoas minor Iliacus Quadratus lumborum

Question 36

nerves of lumbar plexus

Answer 36

Iliohypogastric (L1) Ilioinguinal (L1) Genitofemoral (L1, L2) Lateral femoral cutaneous (L2, L3) Obturator (L2-L4) Femoral (L2-L4)

Question 37

subcostal nerve is

Answer 37

ventral rami of T12 courses inferior to 12th rib

Question 38

iliohypogastric nerve

Answer 38

spinal levels L1 innervatoin: Transversus abdominis Internal oblique cutanrous innervation: Skin of the lateral, superior hip Skin above the inguinal ligament

Question 39

ilioinguinal nerve

Answer 39

spinal levels: L1 muscular innervation: Transversus abdominis Internal oblique cutaneous innervation: skin of the groin

Question 40

genitofemoral nerve

Answer 40

spinal nerve : L1,L2 muscular innervations: cremaster muscle in scrotum (via genital branch) cutaneous innervation: skin of the femoral triangle, skin of the groin

Question 41

lateral femoral cutaneous nerve

Answer 41

spinal levels: L2,L3 no muscular innervation cutaneous innervation: lateral aspect of the skin of the thigh

Question 42

femoral nerve

Answer 42

spinal levels: L2 L3 L4 muscular innervation:Psoas major, psoas minor, iliacus, and all muscles in the anterior compartment of the thigh cutaneous innervation:Anterior skin of the thigh, knee, and leg

Question 43

obturator nerve

Answer 43

spinal level: L2 L3 L4 muscular innervation: all muscles in the medial compartment of the thigh cutaneous innervation: medial skin of thigh

Question 44

lumbosacral trunk

Answer 44

spinal levels: L4 L5 connects lumbar plexus and sacral plexus