Abdomen

Question 1

the abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity are separated by the ___ which runs from the pubic symphysis to the sacral promontory

Answer 1

pelvic inlet

Question 2

the abdominal cavity is lined by ____

the gut tube is covered by ____

Answer 2

abdominal cavity lined by parietal peritoneum,

which is continuous with covering of gut tube called visceral peritoneum

Question 3

the ____ connects the gut tube to the body wall

Answer 3

mesentery

Question 4

peritoneal structures vs retroperitoneal structures

Answer 4

peritoneal: have mesentery which are usually attached to posterior body wall, mobile structures
retroperitoneal: no mesentery, blood vessels/nerves/lymphatics run behind parietal peritoneum, attached to posterior abdominal wall, immobile structures

Question 5

what mesentery connects to the greater curvature and lesser curvature of the stomach?

Answer 5

omentum (large fold of peritoneum) connects to greater curvature
lesser omentum connects to lesser curvature

Question 6

hepatoduodenal ligament

Answer 6

the portion of the lesser omentum which runs from the duodenum to the liver

Question 7

the hepatoduodenal ligament marks the anterior border of the ____ foramen, which connects the main peritoneal cavity with the lesser peritoneal cavity (aka omental bursa)

Answer 7

omental or epicploic foramen

Question 8

omental bursa is aka

Answer 8

lesser peritoneal cavity or lesser sac

Question 9

what does the hepatic triad consist of

Answer 9

hepatic artery, bile duct, portal vein

Question 10

which parts of the duodenum are retroperitoneal

Answer 10

first part - peritoneal
second (descending) - retroperitoneal
third (horizontal) - retroperitoneal
fourth (ascending) - peritoneal as it transitions to jejunum

Question 11

the pancreas is retroperitoneal except for…

Answer 11

its tail as it approaches the hilus of the spleen

Question 12

the bile duct empties into the duodenum at the

Answer 12

major duodenal papilla (adjacent to the pancreatic duct)

Question 13

which of these are peritoneal structures:
stomach
small intestine
ascending colon
transverse colon
descending colon
sigmoid colon
rectum

Answer 13

peritoneal:
stomach
small intestine
transverse colon
sigmoid colon

retroperitoneal:
ascending colon
descending colon
rectum

Question 14

T/F: the adrenal gland is in the retroperitoneum

Answer 14

TRUE

Question 15

what are the 3 main vessels supplying the GI tract and where doe they arise from

Answer 15

from superior to inferior:
celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery, inferior mesenteric artery

arise from anterior surface of the aorta

Question 16

at what structure does the foregut end? What vessel supplies it?

Answer 16

stomach, liver, pancreas, ends at duodenal papilla

supplied by celiac trunk

Question 17

the superior and inferior mesenteric veins and the splenic vein drain into the portal vein, which trains into the ____ of the liver where blood is mixed with arterial blood from the hepatic artery

Answer 17

hepatic sinusoids

Question 18

aorta becomes abdominal aorta as it passes through ___ at T_

Answer 18

aortic hiatus at T12

note esophageal hiatus is at T10

Question 19

the midline of the abdomen is lined by the

Answer 19

linea alba

Question 20

the omental bursa (lesser peritoneal sac) is anterior/posterior to the lesser omentum and stomach?

Answer 20

posterior

Question 21

the abdominal aorta lies to the left or right of the midline?

Answer 21

slightly left

Question 22

the inferior epigastric artery runs deep to this abdominal muscle

Answer 22

rectus abdominis

Question 23

This lobe of the liver is found in the lesser peritoneal sac

Answer 23

Caudate lobe

Question 24

The hepatic triad is contained in the

Answer 24

Heptaduodenal ligament

Question 25

What are the 3 branches of the celiac trunk

Answer 25

Left gastric artery - supplies lesser curvature of stomach Splenic artery Common hepatic artery - gives off gastroduodenal artery to become proper hepatic artery

Question 26

``` Which of these is not a branch of the celiac trunk? Splenic artery Esophogeal artery Common hepatic artery Left gastric artery ```

Answer 26

Esophogeal artery

Question 27

The (L/R) hepatic artery gives off a cystic artery to the gallbladder

Answer 27

Right hepatic artery

Question 28

The bile duct is formed by the conversion of

Answer 28

Cystic duct | Common hepatic duct

Question 29

During fetal life blood returns from placenta via umbilical vein and bypasses liver via

Answer 29

Ductus venosus to enter SVC | in adulthood this becomes ligomentum venosum between caudate and left lobes of liver

Question 30

The pancreas is found within the curve of the

Answer 30

Duodenum

Question 31

The right and left parts of the greater curvature of the stomach are supplied by the R/L…

Answer 31

Gastroepiploic arteries

Question 32

Bile duct and pancreatic duct converge at this structure

Answer 32

Ampulla

Question 33

The interior of the duodenum has many circular fold called

Answer 33

Plicae circulares

Question 34

The bile duct and pancreatic duct open in the duodenum at that ____ which is surrounded by a circular mucosal fold

Answer 34

Duodenal papilla Ducts open at sphincter of Oddi

Question 35

Longitudinal folds of stomach

Answer 35

Rugae

Question 36

The portal vein is formed by the convergence of the

Answer 36

Splenic vein | Superior mesenteric vein

Question 37

Function of hepatic portal system

Answer 37

Carries nutrient rich blood from digestive tract to liver for processing

Question 38

Whipple procedure

Answer 38

Remove duodenum and head of pancreas (because of cancer) | Connect jenunum to pancreas, and connect bile duct and pyloric sphincter to jenunum

Question 39

How does the liver drain

Answer 39

Via hepatic vein into IVC

Question 40

The avascular plane along the lateral and posterior border of the ascending/descending colon can be found at this line:

Answer 40

White line of Toldt

Question 41

Where is adrenal gland in relation to kidney

Answer 41

Superior, medial

Question 42

The fascia covering the kidney and adrenal gland

Answer 42

Gerota’s fascia

Question 43

The minor calyces of the kidney are found at the tips of the ____ and drain into the major calyces which drain into the…

Answer 43

Minor calyces formed at tips of renal papillar Major calyces drain into renal pelvis

Question 44

The celiac ganglion is posterior to the IVC and medial to the suprarenal gland. This region is sometimes called the

Answer 44

Solar plexus

Question 45

The adrenal artery arises from the

Answer 45

Renal artery

Question 46

Between the celiac artery and the adrenal gland is the

Answer 46

Celiac plexus

Question 47

The inferior pancreaticduodenal artery is a branch of the

Answer 47

Superior mesenteric artery (its first branch)

Question 48

The ileocolic branch of the superior mesenteric artery supplies the…

Answer 48

Appendix and cecum

Question 49

The middle colic artery divides into R/L marginal arteries. The L marginal artery ascends and becomes the

Answer 49

Marginal artery of Drummond

Question 50

Arcades

Answer 50

Regions of interconnections of vasculature

Question 51

The left colic branch of the inferior mesenteric artery supplies the

Answer 51

Sigmoid and descending colon

Question 52

the superior mesenteric artery supplies this region...

Answer 52

second part of duodenum to distal third of transverse colon

Question 53

the marginal artery of Drummond connects...

Answer 53

superior and inferior mesenteric arteries