Pelvis and Perineum

Question 1

the pelvis is composed of these three fused bones

Answer 1

ilium, ischium, pubis

Question 2

the ___ joint transfers the weight of the trunk/upper limbs/head to the pelvis

Answer 2

sacroiliac joint

Question 3

the sacroiliac joint is what kind of joint

Answer 3

synovial joint

Question 4

the sacroiliac joint is reinforced by the ___ and ___ ligaments posteriorly

Answer 4

sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments

Question 5

the pelvis is stabilized by this cartilaginous joint

Answer 5

pubic symphysis

Question 6

the greater sciatic foramen is a doorway between ___ and ___ regions, while the lesser sciatic foramen is a doorway between ___ and ___

Answer 6

greater sciatic foramen - doorway between pelvic and gluteal region
lesser sciatic foramen - doorway between gluteal region and perineum

Question 7

in the pelvis, the abdominal aorta divides into R/L…

Answer 7

common iliac arteries

common iliac artery divides into external/internal iliac arteries

Question 8

the internal/external iliac artery continues deep to the inguinal ligament as the femoral artery

Answer 8

external iliac artery

Question 9

the internal/external iliac artery supplies the pelvis, perineum, and gluteal reginos

Answer 9

internal iliac artery (branch of common iliac artery, which is branch of aorta)

Question 10

the internal iliac artery (branch of common iliac which is branch of aorta) has 3 major branches that leave the pelvis via the greater sciatic foramen:

Answer 10

superior gluteal, inferior gluteal, internal pudendal arteries

Question 11

the internal pudendal artery is a branch of the internal iliac artery. It leaves the pelvis via the greater sciatic foramen into the gluteal region. It then leaves the gluteal region (…. finish the sentence)

Answer 11

leaves gluteal region via lesser sciatic foramen to supply the perineum (passes along medial surface of ischial tuberosity and follows isciopubic ramus to supply sensation to external genitalia and motor supply to sphincter urethra)

Question 12

the lumbar/sacral plexus gives rise to the femoral nerve?

Answer 12

lumbar plexus

femoral nerve innervates anterior thigh

Question 13

this nerve innervates the medial thigh

Answer 13

obturator nerve (passes through obturator foramen)

Question 14

the ___ plexus gives rise to the sciatic nerve

Answer 14

lumbosacral plexus

Question 15

the pelvic diaphragm is formed by this muscle which attaches to the wall of the pelvis

Answer 15

levator ani

Question 16

the levator ani (forming the pelvic diaphragm) is reinforced posteriorly by this small muscle

Answer 16

coccygeus

Question 17

in the pelvic diaphragm, there is a posterior opening for the urinary and reproductive tracts called the

Answer 17

urogenital hiatus

Question 18

what is the pelvic floor comprised of?

Answer 18

urogenital diaphragm and pelvic diaphragm

Question 19

structures superior to the pelvic floor are in the ___ while structures inferior to the pelvic floor are in the ___

Answer 19

superior to pelvic floor = in pelvis

inferior to pelvic floor = in perineum

Question 20

pouch of Douglas

Answer 20

recto-uterine space, where peritoneal cavity and vagina are very close to each other

Question 21

at the ___, the uterine/fallopian tube surrounds the ovary

Answer 21

fimbria

Question 22

the position of the uterus on top of the bladder is referred to as ___ and ____

Answer 22

anteverted and anteflexed

Question 23

the pelvic inlet is a plane running from the ____ to the ____
the pelvic outlet is a plane running from the ____ to the ___

Answer 23

pelvic inlet = superior border of pubic symphysis to sacral promontory
pelvic outlet = inferior border of pubic symphysis to coccyx

Question 24

the three parts of the male urethra are:

Answer 24

prostatic urethra (passes through prostate), membranous urethra (passes through urogenital diaphragm), penile urethra

Question 25

external genitalia (male and female) are attached to the

Answer 25

urogenital diaphragm

Question 26

this tendon lies between the vaginal orifice and anal canal

Answer 26

central perineal tendon - external anal sphincter, muscles of perineum, urogenital diaphragm, and pelvic diaphragm are attached to here

Question 27

the ala of the sacrum articulates with the ileum to form the ___

Answer 27

sacroiliac joint

Question 28

the piriformis muscle leaves the pelvis through the ____ and inserts on the ____

Answer 28

piriformis muscle leaves pelvis through greater sciatic foramen inserts on the greater trochanter

Question 29

match: sacrotuberous ligament and sacrospinous ligament and passing from sacrum down to ischial tuberosity passing from ischial spine to sacrum

Answer 29

sacrotuberous ligament - passes from sacrum to ischial tuberosity sacrospinous ligament - passes from ischial spine to sacrum (deeper ligament)

Question 30

in the female perineum, the external genitalia are attached to the ____, which reinforces the pelvic floor

Answer 30

urogential diaphragm

Question 31

the cervix, body, and fundus of the uterus is [anterior/posterior] to the bladder?

Answer 31

posterior

Question 32

if you were to reflect the retroverted uterus anteriorly, you would find this pouch:

Answer 32

rectouterine pouch of Douglas

Question 33

this ligament connects the uterus to the wall of the pelvis on each side

Answer 33

broad ligament

Question 34

the medial attachment of the ovary is the ___ | the lateral attachment of the ovary is the ___

Answer 34

medial attachment - round ligament | lateral attachment - suspensory ligament (contains ovarian vessels)

Question 35

the origin of the inferior epigastric artery is the ___

Answer 35

external iliac artery

Question 36

the femoral artery and vein pass deep to the ___ ligament to enter the thigh

Answer 36

inguinal ligament

Question 37

the uterine artery is a branch of the ____ artery

Answer 37

internal iliac artery

Question 38

pelvic inlet vs pelvic outlet vs diagonal conjugate

Answer 38

pelvic inlet: superior border of pubic symphysis to sacral promontory pelvic outlet: inferior border of pubic symphysis to coccyx diagonal conjugate: inferior border of pubic symphysis to sacral promontory

Question 39

the [anterior/posterior] division of the internal iliac artery gives rise to the umbilical artery, which eventually becomes superior vesical artery

Answer 39

anterior division of internal iliac --> umbilical artery

Question 40

what are the 3 layers of fascia in the scrotum?

Answer 40

superficial (camper's) fascia membranous (Scarpa) fascia membranous fascia in scrotum is Colles fascia

Question 41

the ___ is the pathway by which direct and indirect inguinal hernias pass into the scrotum

Answer 41

superficial inguinal ring

Question 42

the inguinal ligament is formed by the inferior fibers of the ____

Answer 42

external oblique muscles

Question 43

the veins of the ____ plexus surround the testicular artery

Answer 43

pampiniform plexus veins surround the testicular artery

Question 44

the coiled tail of the epididymis becomes the ___

Answer 44

vas deferens

Question 45

the testicular lobules are separated by connective tissue septa, which is derived from the dense outer covering of the testes called the ___

Answer 45

tunica albuginea

Question 46

the male urethra is surrounded by ___

Answer 46

corpus spongiosum

Question 47

match in males: ventral/dorsal corpus spongiosum/ corpus cavernosum

Answer 47

ventral: corpus spongiosum dorsal: corpus cavernosum

Question 48

the femoral nerve passes just lateral to the large ___ muscle

Answer 48

psoas muscle

Question 49

medial and deep to the large psoas muscle is this nerve:

Answer 49

obturator nerve

Question 50

the smooth area on the posterior bladder wall is called the

Answer 50

trigone, found in between the two slit-like openings for the ureters on each side

Question 51

the blood supply of the gluteal region is supplied by the

Answer 51

internal iliac artery

Question 52

``` the ovary receives its blood supply from which artery? internal iliac aorta internal pudendal external iliac ```

Answer 52

aorta

Question 53

``` the uterus receives its blood supply from which artery? internal iliac aorta internal pudendal external iliac ```

Answer 53

internal iliac

Question 54

the seminal vesicle are located on the [anterior/posterior] surface of the bladder?

Answer 54

posterior

Question 55

the testicular artery and vein are contained in the ___

Answer 55

spermatic cord