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Anatomy > Abdomen > Flashcards

Abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

Contents of inguinal canal

A

men: ilioinguinal nerve and spermatic cord
women: ilioinguinal nerve and round ligament of uterus

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2
Q

Relations of hasselbach triangle

A

lateral: inferior epigastric vessels
inferior: inguinal ligament
medial: rectus

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3
Q

Relations of femoral canal

A

anterior: inguinal ligament
posterior: pectineal ligament
medial: lacunar ligament (beware abnormaml obturator artery)
lateral: femoral vein (purpose is to allow expansion of femoral vein)

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4
Q

Contents of femoral canal

A

Lymphatics
Cloquet’s node
Fat

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5
Q

Contents of femoral sheath

and what it is made of

A

Femoral artery (and genitofemoral branch of femoral nerve)
Femoral vei
Femoral canal

anteriorly it is an extension of transversalis fascia and iliacus fascia posteriorly

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6
Q

Relation of inferior epigastric vessels direct vs indirect hernia

A

indirect = lateral to inferior epigastric vessels
direct = medial to inferir epigastric vessels

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7
Q

Relation of pubic tubercle inguinal vs femoral hernia

A

inguinal = above and medial to pubic tubercle
femoral = below and lateral to pubic tubercle

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8
Q

Kocher’s incision location and layers

A

Subcostal

skin
subcut
campers
scarpas
external oblique
internal oblique

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9
Q

Giridion incision location and layers

A

mcburney’s
Skin, campers, scarpers lower end, ext oblique aponeurosis, int oblique muscle, transversus muscle, extraperitoneal fat, peritoneum

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10
Q

Midline incision location and layers

A
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11
Q

Paramedian incision location and layers

A

2.5cm lateral to the midline

skin
superficial fascia
anterior rectus sheath and intersecting tendons, segmental vessels
rectus muscle
posterior rectus sheath ( only transversalis fascia below arcuate line)
extraperitoneal fat
peritoneum

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12
Q

Battle incision location and layers

A

pararectus
lateral border rectus umbilical level

skin
campers fascia
scarpas fascia
anterior rectus sheath
rectus
posterior rectus sheath
extraperitoneal fat
peritoneum

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13
Q

Layers of spermatic cord

A

external oblique forms external spermatic fascia
internal oblique forms cremaster fascia
transversalis fascia forms internal spermatic fascia

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14
Q

Where does the fluid go when bulbous urethra ruptures and why

A

scrotum, perineum, penis, abdominal wall deep to scarpa’s fascia because of the attachment of scarpas fascia to the deep thigh 2.5cm below inguinal ligament

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15
Q

Contents of epiploic foramen

A
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16
Q

Borders of epiploic foramen

A

freemargin lesser ommentum - hepatic artery, bile duct, portal vein
first part duodenum
IVC
caudate process liver

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17
Q

What is the epiploic foramen

A

communication between greater and lesser sac
at T12

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18
Q

What is the lesser sac

A

smaller part of the abdominal cavity, behind the stomach and lesser ommentum
Allows expansion of the stomach

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19
Q

Retroperitoneal organs

A

SAD PUCKER
Suprarenal gland
Aorta and IVC
Duodenum - second part
Pancreas
Ureters
Colon - ascending and descending
Kidneys
Esophagus
Rectum

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20
Q

Structures along transpyloric plane

A

Level of L1
Pylorus
Hilum of kidney
Pancreas - neck
Fundus of gallbladder
Hilum of spleen
Second part duodenum
DJ flexure
SMA origin
12th costal cartilage
Termination of cord
Portal vein origin

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21
Q

Rutherford Morrison Incision

A

Above the inguinal ligament

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22
Q

Gallbladder blood supply

A

cystic artery (branch of right hepatic, branch of common hepatic, branch of coeliac axis)

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23
Q

Branches of coeliac axis

A

left gastric
splenic
common hepatic

24
Q

Branches of SMA

A

ileocolic
right colic
middle colic

25
Q

Branches of IMA

A

left colic
sigmoid
superior rectal

26
Q

Hepatobiliary triangle borders and contents

A

liver, common hepatic duct, cystic duct
contains cystic artery

27
Q

Rectum blood supply

A

superior rectal (IMA)
middle rectal (internal iliac)
inferior rectal (internal pudendal)

28
Q

Rectal fascia

A

anterior - demonvilliers
posterior - waldeyers

29
Q

Lymphatic drainage rectum

A

above dentate line = mesorectal
below dentate line = inguinal

30
Q

Where does the inferior mesenteric vein drain into

A

splenic vein

31
Q

what is each half of the circle of willis made up of?

A

anterior cerebellar
anterior communicating
internal carotid
posterior communicating
posterior cerebellar

32
Q

Branches of the basillar arter

A

posterior cerebellar
superior cerebellar
pontine
labrynthine
anterior inferior cerebellar
vertebrals

33
Q

Internal carotid branches

A

anterior cerebral
middle cerebral
anterior choroidal
anterior posterior communicating

34
Q

Signs of middle cerebral artery occlusion

A

contralateral face and arm weakness. motor and sensory

35
Q

Layers of meninges

A

bone
dura
arachnoid
pia

36
Q

Do dural venous sinuses have valves?

A

no

37
Q

Where do dural venous sinuses drain into and which one does this directly?

A

IJV
sigmoid sinus

38
Q

Which cranial nerve is most t risk of raised ICH and why?

A

abduces
long path

39
Q

What causes a cavernous sinus thrombosis?

A

infection
superficial - facial or ophthalmic veins
deep - pterygoid plexus

cavernous sinus tumour

40
Q

Constrictions of the oesophagus

A

A. aortic arch
B. bronchus - left main
C. cricoid cartilage
D. Diaphragmatic hiatus - T10

41
Q

Innervation oesophagus

A

upper 1/2 recurrent laryngeal
lower 1/2 - oesophageal plexus - vagus

42
Q

Epithelium oesophagus

A

non-kertinised squamous

43
Q

epithelium gallbladder

A

collumnar

44
Q

muscle oesophagus

A

striated to smooth

45
Q

Which parts of the liver are extraperitoneal?

A

bare area (marked by coronal ligaments)
porta hepatis
gallbladder fossa

46
Q

what is the liver capsule called and what is it innervated by?

A

glissons

lower intrcostals

47
Q

lobes of the liver

A

technically 2, really 4

right and left

right is bigger, also contains caudate and quadrate

caudate - venous ligament and IVC groove
quadrate - roud ligament to gallbladder fossa

48
Q

what is morsions pouch

A

recess between liver and right kidney. deepest art of peritoneaum.
fluid collection lying down for a lng time

49
Q

arrangement of liver lobules

A

hexagon
central vein
portal triad

central vein > colelcting veins > hepatic veins > IVC

portal triad
- bile duct
- arteriole from hepatic artery
- venule from portal vein

50
Q

what demarcates the rigt and left lobes of the liver

A

falciform ligament

51
Q

what is ligament teres

A

remnant of umbilical vein
and hip

52
Q

how many fucntional lobes of the liver

A

8

53
Q

how many hepatic veins

A

3
central right and lift

54
Q

which segments removed in a right hemihepatectomy

A

V VI VII VIII

55
Q

anatomically which lobe is the fourth segment part of and what section is it part of functinally

A

anatomically right lobe

functionally left

fucntional division made by line between gallbladder and IVC

56
Q

how are structures arranged at the free edge of lesser ommentum?

A

bile duct aterior and right
hepatic artery anterior and left
portal vein posterior
IVC posterior, searated by epiploic foramen

57
Q

what is pringles manaeurver

A

compressing portal vein and hepatic artery if bleeding occurs during cholecystectomy by pressing on free edge lesser ommentum

Anatomy (7 decks)

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