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Leg Flashcards

(126 cards)

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1
Q

contents anterior compartment lower leg

A

extensor digitorum longus
extensor hallicus longus
tibialis anterior
peroneus tertius
deep peroneal nerve
anterior tibial artery and nerve

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2
Q

contents lateral compartment lower leg

A

fibularis longus
fibularis brevis
superficial peroneal nerve

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3
Q

contents deep posterior compartment lower leg

A

flexor hallicus longus
flexor digitorum longus
tibialis posterior
fibular artery and vein
posterior tibial artery and vein
tibial nerve

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4
Q

contents superfical posterior compartment lower leg

A

soleus
gastroc

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5
Q

Branches of the sciatic nerve

A

tibial and common peroneal

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6
Q

Arteries of lower limb

A

aorta
common iliacs
internal and external iliacs

external iliac > common femoral > superficial femoral and profunda femoris

profunda femoris > medial and lateral circumflex and perforating branches

superficial femoral > popliteal > anterior tibial and peroneal trunk

anterior tibial > dorsalis pedis

tibioperoneal trunk > posterior tibial and peroneal

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7
Q

Where does the femoral artery become popliteal

A

adductor hiatus

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8
Q

contents adductor canal

A

femoral artery
femoral vein
nerve to vastus medialis
saphenous nerve

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9
Q

Adductors

A

pectineus
gracillis
adductor longus
adductor brevis
adductor magnus

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10
Q

arterial supply and innervation adductors

A

obturator nerve L2-4
profunda femoris

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11
Q

Where does the dural sheath terminate?

A

S2

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12
Q

Origin of gluteus maximus

A

ilium, sacrum, coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament

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13
Q

Insertion of gluteus maximus

A

IT tract (3/4) and gluteal tuberosity of femur (1/4)

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14
Q

Nerve supply gluteus maximus

A

Inferior gluteal nerve L5 S1 S2

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15
Q

Actions of gluteus maximus

A

extension of thigh
lateral rotation
balance pelvis on thigh
steady femur on knee

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16
Q

Origin gluteus medius

A

ilium

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17
Q

insertion gluteus medius

A

lateral greater trochanter

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18
Q

nerve supply gluteus medius

A

superior gluteal L4 L5 S1

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19
Q

actions gluteus medius

A

abduction
prevent pelvis tilting

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20
Q

gluteus minimus origin

A

ilium

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21
Q

gluteus minimus insertion

A

anterior GT

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22
Q

nerve supply gluteus minimus

A

superior gluteal L4 L5 S1

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23
Q

action gluteus minimus

A

abduction
medial rotation

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24
Q

tensor fascia lata origin

A

posterior to ASIS

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25
tensor fascia lata insertion
IT tract
26
nerve supply TFL
superior gluteal L4 L5 S1
27
action TFL
assists gluteus maximus to stabilise the thigh
28
piriformis origin
sacrum
29
piriformis insertion
upper GT
30
nerve supply piriformis
direct fro S2/3
31
action piriformis
lateral rotation
32
obturator internus origin
obturator membrane
33
obturator internus inserion
medial GT
34
nerve supply obterator internus
nerve to obturator internus L5 S1 S2
35
origin gemelli
lesser sciatic notch
36
insertion gemelli
tendon obturator internus
37
nerve supply gemelli
superior - nerve to ob internus inferior - nerve to quad femoris
38
origin quadrator femoris
ischial tuberosity
39
insertion quadrator femoris
trochanteric crest
40
nerve supply quadrator femoris
nerve to quadrator femoris L4 L5 S1
41
boundaries of greater sciatic foramen
anterior/superior - greater sciatic notch inferior - sacrospinous ligament posterior - sacrotuberous ligament
42
boundaries lesser sciatic foramen
anterior - ischium and sacrospinous ligament posterior - sacrotuberous ligament
43
structures passing through GSF
things above piriformis piriformi things below piriformis
44
structures passing through GSF above piriformis
superior gluteal vessels superior gluteal nerve
45
structures passing through GSF below piriformis
inferior gluteal vessels inferior gluteal nerve internal pudendal vessels internal pudendal nerve sciatc nerve posterior cutaneous nerve nerve to quadratus femoris nerve to obturator internus
46
structures passing through LSF
tendon obturator internus nerve to obturator internus internal pudendal vessels pudendal nerve
47
lateral rotators of thigh
piriformis gemelli obturator internus quadratus femoris gluteus maximus
48
abductors of thigh
gluteus medius gluteus minimus
49
Where do you find ligamentum teres?
central fovea head of femur
50
angle of femoral neck
125 degrees smaller angle in women
51
which is more lateral GT or LT?
GT
52
what stops the patella slipping off?
lateral condyle of femur is bigger and the insertion of last fibres of vastus medialis
53
position of leg in #NOF
short, adducted externally rotated
54
where do cruciates and menisci attach?
intercondylar area
55
WHat does the soleal line mark
origin of soleus
56
groove on medial maleolus for which tendon?
tibialis posterior
57
grooves on lateral malleous for which tendons?
peroneus longus peroneus brevis
58
proximal row of tarsal bones
talus, calcaneous and navicular
59
distal row of tarsal bones
3x cuneiforms and cuboid cueniforms articulate with navicular and cuboid articulates with calcaneus
60
what are the muscular/tendonous attachments to talus?
none
61
groove on talus for what tendon
flexor hallicus longus
62
which tubercle of the calcaneous is weightbearing?
lateral
63
groove on cuboif for what tendon?
peroneous longus
64
what tendon attaches to navicular ?
tibialis posterior
65
which flexor has 2 sesamoid bones in the tendon in the foot?
fleor hallicus brevis
66
which bone is fractured in a march fracture?
second metatarsal
67
which tendon attaches to the fifth metatarsal
peroneus brevis
68
boundaries of femoral triangle
inguinal ligament adductor longus sartorius
69
contents femoral triangle
femoral nerve femoral artery femoral vein femoral canal deep inguinal lymph nodes
70
relations femoral canal
posteiror - pectineul ligament medial - lacunar ligament anteiror - inguinal ligament lateral - femoral vein
71
contents femoral sheath
femoral artery femoral vein femoral canal
72
fascia femoral sheath
anterior - transversalis posterior - iliacus
73
sites draining to inguinal nodes
buttocks lower limb lower trunk and back below the umbilicus abdominal wall below and including the umbilicus perineum penis and scrotum vulva and lower 3rd vagina fundus uterus lower half anal canal
74
where is the adductor canal
apex femoral triangle to the popliteal fossa
75
borders of popliteal fossa
above and medial - semimembranosus and semitendinosus above and lateral - biceps femoris below - lateral and medial heads of gastroc to make diamond shape
76
deepest structure in the popliteal fossa
popliteal artery
77
muscle making floor of popliteal fossa
popliteus
78
vessel piercing the deep fascia roof of popliteal fossa
small saphenous vein
79
contents of popliteal fossa
popliteal artery popliteal vein sciatic nerve enters, common peroneal and tibial leave lymoh nodes (drainign lateral foot and heel) fat bursae
80
branches of femoral artery
superficial epigastric superficial circumflex iliac superficial external pudendal deep external pudendal profunda femoris
81
is profunda femoris anterior or posterior to adductor longus?
posterior
82
branches of popliteal artery
anterior and posterior tibial muscular geniculate to the knee
83
which muscle overlaps popliteal artery at the opening to poplitealfossa
semimembranosus
84
below the poplitealfossa, which muscles cover the popliteal artery
gastroc and plantaris
85
where does the posterior tibial artery divide and into which branches
flexor retinaculum medial and lateral plantar arteries and the peroneal at the tibial trunk
86
between which tendons do you find the anterior tibial artery above and bellow ankle?
above - extensor hallicus longus tibilais anterior below - extensor hallicus longus and exensor digitorum lingus
87
which tendon crosses the tibialis anteririor artery
extensor hallicus longus
88
what artery does the tib ant artery become
doraslis pedis
89
where can you palpate the femoral artery
midinguinal piint - half way between ASIS and PS
90
which artery is vulnerable in femoral supracondylar fractures
popliteal
91
relationshio great saphenous vein and medial malleolus
vein is always anterior
92
course of great saphenous vein
medial side of dorsal venous arch of foot > infront of medial malleolus >behind medial border of patella > medial aspect of thigh > pierces deep fascia > terminates in femoral vein at saphenous opening 4cm below pubic tubercle
93
which nerve accompanies the great saphenous vein
saphenous nerve
94
course of short saphenous vein
originates lateral aspect of dorsal arch > behind lateral malleolus > pierces deep fascia at poplital fossa > termiates in popliteal vein
95
anterior compartment thigh
quadriceps - rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius sartorius femoral nerve superficial femoral artery
96
medial compartment thigh
obturator externus adductor magnus adductor brevis adductor longus pectineus gracillis obturator artery/profunda femoris obturator nerve
97
posterior compartment thigh
semitendinous, semimembrinous, biceps femoris sciatic nerve profunda femoris
98
principal branches lumber plexus
ilioinguinal genitofemoral lateral cutaneous of thigh femoral obturator
99
ilioinguinal nerve root, course and supply
T12 L1 enters the inguinal canal supplies skin of groin and anterior scrotum
100
genitofemoral nerve root, course and supply
L1 L2 anterior surface psoas posterior to ureters genital branch - deep inguinal ring - cremaster muscle - emerges from superficial ring and supplies the skinof the scrotum - in females supplies the labia majora femoral branch - deep to inguinal ligament in the femoral sheath - skin just inferior to the ligament
101
lateral cutaneous nerve root, course and supply
L2 L3 deep o inguinal ligament if peirces the inguinal ligament = meralgia paraesthetia
102
femoral nerve root, course and supply
L2 L3 L4 lateral aspect of psoas under inguinal ligament lateral to the artery 5cm from ingional ligament breaks into terminal branches
103
terminal branches of femoral nerve
muscular - quads, sartorius, pectineus cutaneous - saphenous, medial and intermediate cutaneous articular to hip and knee
104
obturator nerve root, course and supply
L2 L3 L4 medial psoas deep to internal iliacs enters thigh through obturator foramen anterior and posterior branches anteriro - adductor longus, brevis, gracillus posterior - adductor magnus, obteruartor externus, knee
105
where do the trunks of the lumbar plexus emerge
all in psoas lateral except from genitofemoral and obturator genitofemoral - anterior obturator - medial
106
where does the sacral plexus emerge
anterior sacralforamina infront of piriformis
107
superior gluteal nerve root, course and supply
L4L5S1 out of greater sciatic foramen above piriformis accomapines superior gluteal vessels supplies gluteus medius, minimus and tensor fascia lata
108
inferior gluteal nerve root, course and supply
L5 S1 S2 passes out of pelvis below piriformis supplies gluteus maximus
109
pudendal nerve root, course and supply
S2,3,4 out of greater sciatic foramen between piriformis and coccygeus medial to sacral nerve medial to internal pudendal artery back into pelvis vis lesser sciatic foramen three branches - inferior rectal, perineal, dorsal nerve of penis
110
sciatic nerve root, course and supply
L4-5 S1-3 emerges fom GSF below piriformiscovered by gluteus maximus descend deep to hamstrings crossed by longhead biceps divides into tibial and common peroneal supplies hamstrings
111
tibial nerve root, course and supply
L4,5 S1-3 larger than common peoneal superficial to vessels in popliteal fossa, crossed lateral to medial behind medial malleolus medial and lateral plantar nerves sural nerve branch in popliteal fossa supplies posterior compartment leg, inrinsic muscles foot, sole of foot (edial and plaetral plantars)
112
common peroneal
L4 L5 S1 S2 Enters popliteal fossa lateral to tibial along medial border to biceps tendon wings around neck of fibula
113
what is sural nerve a branch of
tibial in popliteal fossa
114
what is saphenous nerve a branch of
femoral nerve in thigh
115
deep peroneal nerve root, course and supply
pierces extensor digitorum supplies anterior compartment and first web space
116
common nerve root, course and supply
lateral compartment and lateral leg and dorsum of foot
117
knee tendon reflex muscle and root
quadriceps L3/4 - femoral nerve
118
ankle tendon reflex muscle and root
gastrocnemius s1 - tibial/sciatic
119
hip flexors
iliacus psoas major rectus femoris sartorius pectineus
120
abductors and medial rotators of hip
gluteus medius and minimus and tensor fascia lata
121
where do plantar ligaments attach
calcaneum
122
lateral ankle ligaments
3 parts antierior talofibular calcaneofibular posterior talofibular
123
medial ankle ligaments
medial maleolus to talus
124
what provides the most stability at the knee
quadriceps
125
what is pes anserinus?
tendon of gracillis, sartorius and semitendinosus at medial knee helps with meial support for knee can get a bursitis
126
Where does psoas major originate and attach nd what is it innervated by
T12 to L4 lesser trochanter L1-L3 anterior rami

Anatomy (7 decks)

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