Abdomen 2 final review breast Flashcards
(87 cards)
1
Q
anatomic layers of the breast
A
skin line
subcuteaneous fat layer
mammary layer
retromammary layer
pectoralis major muscle
2
Q
fatty component of the breast
A
subcuteaneous layer
3
Q
ducts of the breast
A
breast ducts
4
Q
fibrous component of the breast
A
Cooper ligament
5
Q
contains glandular tissues, ducts, and connective tissues
A
mammary layer
6
Q
hormone that stimulates contraction of the lactiferous ducts for milk secretion
A
oxytocin
7
Q
hormone that stimulates the development of breast lobules and alveoli for lactation
A
progesterone
8
Q
ampulla for each lactiferous duct near the nipple where milk can be stored
A
Montgomery’s gland
9
Q
grape-shaped secretory portions of a gland
A
acini
10
Q
contains skin and subcutaneous fat
A
subcuteaneous layer
11
Q
hormone that stimulates breast tissue development
A
estrogen
12
Q
ducts in the parenchyma of the breast that secrete milk after pregnancy
A
alveoli
13
Q
glandular tissue elements within mammary lobules
A
lactiferous ducts
14
Q
contains retromammary fat, muscle, and deep connective tissues
A
retromammary layer
15
Q
fingerlike extension of a malignant tumor
A
spiculation
16
Q
technique used to locate a palpable mass with sonography
A
echopalpatation
17
Q
pigmented skin around the nipple
A
areola
18
Q
coexistent cancers within different quadrants or separated by more than 5 cm within the breast
A
multicentric breast cancer
19
Q
first node in the drainage basin and at most risk for metastasis
A
sentinel node
20
Q
enlarged lymph nodes
A
lymphadenopathy
21
Q
technique that compares the relative stiffness of a mass compared to the adjacent tissues
A
elastography
22
Q
armpit, significant because it contains the lymph nodes that drain the breast tissue
A
axilla
23
Q
functional unit of the breast, composed of a lobule and its draining extralobular terminal duct
A
TDLU
24
Q
thin connective tissue bands that connect breast tissue to the skin and provide structural support to the breast
A
Cooper’s ligaments
25
Breast imaging and reporting data system published by the ACR in an effort to promote the use of more consistent terminology
BIRADS
26
Noninvasive breast cancer
in situ
27
the presence of additional malignant lesions within a breast quadrant or within 5 cm of the primary tumor, indicating the spread of cancer via the ducts
multifocal breast cancer
28
fibroelastic, reactive fibrosis that occurs in the tissues surrounding many malignant breast lesions
desmoplastic reaction
29
zonal anatomy of the breast
skin
premammary zone
mammary zone
retromammary zone
pectoralis major muscle
30
transducer scan plans of the breast
transverse and sagittal
radial and antiradial
31
4 quadrants of the breast
right upper outer quadrant
right upper inner quadrant
right lower outer quadrant
right lower inner quadrant
(left is same as right)
32
Which of the following statements regarding mammography is false?
mammography can easily detect lesions in a dense breast tissue
33
which of the following statements regarding breast sonography is false?
sonography is as good as mammography in detecting microcalcifications
34
what is the functional unit of the breast?
terminal ductal lobular unit
35
where is the majority of the glandular tissue of the breast found?
upper outer quadrant
36
what attaches the breast tissue to the skin?
Cooper's ligament
37
The majority of breast lymph drains into what nodes?
axillary nodes
38
which breast layer is located between the anterior and posterior mammary fascia?
mammary layer
39
an intramammary lymph node is identified during a breast sonography examination. What is the normal measurement of an intramammary lymph node?
less than 1 cm
40
According to ACR and AIUM guidelines, which of the following transducers is appropriate to use for breast sonography?
12 MHz linear array
41
Which of the following can help improve contrast and spatial resolution during breast sonography?
harmonic imaging
spatial compounding
broad bandwidth transducers
42
what is the most common cause of breast lumps in women 35 to 50 years of age?
breast cysts
43
A patient with a simple cyst seen on both mammography and sonography would be given which classification?
BI-RADS 2
44
A patient presents for breast sonography after a lesion was seen on a mammogram. A cyst that does not meet all the criteria for a simple cyst is found that correlates to the area seen on mammography. Which of the following characteristics would NOT be worrisome for malignancy or neoplastic changes?
echoes along the wall of the cyst that do not change with patient positioning
45
what is the name of a retention cyst that may develop in pregnant or lactating women>
galactocele
46
a patient presents with a history of breast surgery to remove a benign lesion. While scanning over the incision site, you suspect you are imaging the postsurgical scar. What is the typical sonographic appearance of a scar?
hypoechoic area with acoustic shadowing that is reduced or eliminated with transducer pressure
47
what is the most common benign tumor of the female breast?
fibroadenoma
48
what is the most common noninvasive breast cancer?
DCIS
49
Which of the following is an uncommon cancer that presents with redness and eczema-like crusting of the nipple and areola, nipple discharge, and itching?
Paget disease
50
what is the most common breast cancer?
IDC NOS
51
what is the most common male breast abnormality?
gynecomastia
52
which of the following statements is true regarding elastography of the breast?
a cancer will tend to be larger on the elastogram than on the conventional 2D image
53
which of the following is NOT a sonographic characteristic of a benign mass?
taller than wide
54
which of the following characteristics make a mass suspicious for malignancy?
angular or spiculated margins
nipple retraction
shadowing
55
a mass that is highly suggestive of malignancy on both mammography and sonography with multiple suspiscious features would be classified as
BI-RADS 5
56
which type of breast cancer begins in the ducts and does not invade the basement membraine?
DCIS
57
three layers fascial planes
subcuteaneous fat
mammary layer
retromammary fat layer
58
Within the mammary layer are ______ overlapping lobes arranged in a radial fashion around the nipple. Each lobe contains ________ TDLUs
15-20
20-40
59
Normal skin thickness in the breast is ____ mm or less
2
60
The _________ layer lies between the posterior mammary fascia and the pectoralis major muscle.
retromammary fat
61
The CC or ______ view demonstrates the _____, central, and ______ breast.
craniocaudal
medial
lateral
62
The MLO or ________ view demonstrates the breast in a profile from the _____ to the _______ fold and includes a portion of the pectoralis muscle.
medial lateral oblique
axilla
inframammary
63
the most common benign diffuse breast condition
fibrocystic change
64
inflammation of the breast
mastitis
65
a condition that is the result of inflammatory and ischemic processes, frequently the consequence of breast trauma
fat necrosis
66
a palpable, oval, well-circumscribed, solid mass that is enlarging in pregnancy
lactating adenoma
67
1 in ___ women will develop breast cancer within their life
8
68
Most cancers originate from where?
TDLU
69
the _______ quadrant is the most likely location for breast cancer to develop
upper outer
70
a technique using power Doppler in which a patient is asked to hum during real time imaging.
vocal fremitus
71
What is the functional unit of the breast?
terminal ductal lobular unit
72
Where does most lymph drainage from the breast occur?
axillary lymph nodes
73
What characteristic defines the malignant appearing masses versus a benign fibroadenoma?
lobulated irregular margins
74
What is the anatomic location of the breast?
bordered superiorly by the second and third ribs
75
what term describes the rare occurence of a complete accessory breast?
polymastia
76
what ligaments serve as a connective tissue bands that connect the breast tissue to the skin?
Cooper
77
what condition has symptoms of bilateral breast pain or tenderness, fullness, and nodularity which increase before menses?
fibrocystic changes
78
what is the most likely explanation of a 32 year old woman with a painless lump in the left breast if the sonography examination documents a well-encapsulated, ovoid 1.2 mass that has a homogeneous, hypoechoic pattern with a thin halo?
fibroadenoma
79
what is the likely benign disease for a 28 year old woman who is breastfeeding and the sonographic findings include a diffuse mottled mass with dense breast tissue, a red tender breast, some posterior enhancement, and there are low-level internal echoes.
abscess
80
what is the most common location for the genesis of most benign and malignant breast diseases?
upper outer quadrant
81
what is usually the first site of metastic spread from a primary breast cancer?
ipsilateral axillary nodes
82
what is the most common breast abnormality in males?
gynecomastia
83
the thickness of the acoustic offset should not exceed how many centimeters when it is used as an acoustic standoff between the transducer and the breast?
1 cm
84
what is the most common breast cancer?
invasive ductal carcinoma
85
which doppler patterns are strong indicators of cancer?
increased penetrating vessels
86
which process involves implanting of a radiation source within the breast at or near a lumpectomy site?
brachytherapy
87
which tissue is considered a "high strain" tissue?
fat
