abdomen 2 scrotal and penile sonography final review

Question 1

The remnant of what structure is known as the scrotal ligament?

Answer 1

gubernaculum

Question 2

The scrotum is divided into two compartments: externally by _____ and internally by ______

Answer 2

contractions help testicles drop from inguinal canal into scrotum

Question 3

The cremaster muscle surrounds each testicle and performs what important function?

Answer 3

contractions regulate internal temperature of testicles

Question 4

This dense, white fibrous tissue covers the testis and forms the mediastinum testis and interlobar septa:

Answer 4

tunica albuginea

Question 5

The septa of the mediastinum radiate into the tesicle and separate into how many lobules?

Answer 5

200-300

Question 6

The epididymis is composed mostly of this single convoluted tubule:

Answer 6

Ductus epididymis

Question 7

This structure is divided into globus major, corpus and globus minor:

Answer 7

epididymis

Question 8

The corpora cavernosa and corpus spongiosum are three cylindrical masses of tissue of what structure?

Answer 8

penis

Question 9

Sonographically, normal testicular parenchyma is homogeneous and similiar in appearance to:

Answer 9

thyroid

Question 10

This is a network of fibrous connective tissue continuous with the tunica albuginea that invaginates the posterior aspect of the testis and encloses the rete testis:

Answer 10

mediastinum testes

Question 11

The testis are classified as:

Answer 11

exocrine and endocrine glands

Question 12

The epididymis empties into the:

Answer 12

ductus deferens

Question 13

The epididymal head is connected to which portion of the testis?

Answer 13

superior

Question 14

The median raphe divides the:

Answer 14

scrotum into two testicles

Question 15

Convoluted semineferous tubules connect to straight tubules, which empty into the:

Answer 15

rete testis

Question 16

Normal intratesticular arterial flow should exhibit:

Answer 16

low vascularity

Question 17

Excess fluid between the two layers of the tunica vaginalis is termed:

Answer 17

hydrocele

Question 18

The temperature of the testis is regulated by the:

Answer 18

pampiniform plexus

Question 19

Which of the following is a branch of the testicular artery that courses between the septa and supplies the testicular parenchyma?
a. centripetal artery
b. capsular artery
c. cremasteric artery
d. deferential artery

Answer 19

a

Question 20

what is the echogenicity of the mediastinum testes?

Answer 20

high echogenicity

Question 21

You receive a request to evaluate a child with a history of undescended testis. Where are the majority of undescended testes located?

Answer 21

in the inguinal canal

Question 22

Which of the following is NOT located within the scrotum?
a. testes
b. seminal vesicles
c. spermatic cord
d. epididymis

Answer 22

b

Question 23

While performing a sonographic examination of the scrotum, you suspect a varicocele is present. What is the normal measurement of the veins in the pampiniform plexus?

Answer 23

less than 2 mm

Question 24

Which of the following is NOT part of the anatomical division of the epididymis?
a. tail
b. body
c. neck
d. head

Answer 24

c

Question 25

While obtaining a patient's history, you learn that he has had a vasectomy. Which of the following scrotal pathologies is NOT more common in patients who have had a vasectomy? a. spermatocele b. epididymal cyst c. seminoma d. dilatation of the rete testis

Answer 25

c

Question 26

Which of the following is the fibrous sheath that covers and protects the testis and also makes up the mediastinum testis? a. tunica albuginea b. tunica vaginalis c. tunica gubernaclum d. tunica parietalis

Answer 26

a

Question 27

Which of the following undergoes tubular ectasia caused by dilatation of the semineferous tubules and is associated with epididymal cysts and spermatoceles? a. mediastinum testis b. rete testis c. tunical vaginalis d. tunica albuginea e. dilatation of the semineferous tubules is refrred to as tubular ectasia of the rete testis. This is often seen bilaterally and is assocatited with epididymal cysts and spermatoceles

Answer 27

b

Question 28

which of the following statements regarding the testicular veins is FALSE? a. The testis is drained by the veins of the pampiniform plexus b. The veins of the pampiniform plexus emply into the testicular veins c. the right testicular vein drains directing into the IVC d. The left testicular vein drains directly into the IVC

Answer 28

d

Question 29

A patient with a history of undescended testis is NOT at an increased risk for which of the following? a. seminoma b. testicular torsion c. infertility d. teratoma

Answer 29

d

Question 30

What is the most common cause of acute scrotal pain

Answer 30

epididymitis and epididymo-orchitis

Question 31

between what ages is testicular torsion most common

Answer 31

12 to 18

Question 32

In young men, what is the most common cause of epididymitis

Answer 32

sexually transmitted disease

Question 33

What is a collection of serous fluid located between the layers of the tunica vaginalis called?

Answer 33

hydrocele

Question 34

A patient presents for a scrotal sonogram with a history of vasectomy and scrotal discomfort. Multiple cystic structures are seen in both testes along the mediastinum testis. Color Doppler does not demonstrate any flow in these cystic structures. What is the likely diagnosis?

Answer 34

tubular ectasia of the rete testis

Question 35

A 26-year-old man presents with fever, scrotal pain, and swelling. The sonogram shows an enlarged hypoechoic epididymis with hyperemia. A small hydrocele is noted. The testis appear normal. What is the likely diagnosis?

Answer 35

epididymitis

Question 36

What is the most common correctable cause of male infertility?

Answer 36

varicocele

Question 37

A 42 year old patient presents with a painless right scrotal mass. Sonographically, a 2.5 cm, irregular, hypoechoic mass is seen in the mid-right testis. Color Doppler demonstrates hyperemia. The remainder of the scrotum, including the scrotal wall, appears normal. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Answer 37

seminoma

Question 38

A patient presents for a scrotal sonogram with a history of infertility. The testes appear normal bilaterally. Superior to the testes, multiple cystic structures are seen. The largest of these structures measure 4 mm. Color Doppler demonstrates flow within these structures and increased flow is seen when the patient is asked to perform the Valsalva maneuver. What is the likely diagnosis?

Answer 38

varicocele

Question 39

What is the most common sonographic appearance of a malignant testicular mass?

Answer 39

cystic mass with ring calcifications

Question 40

Which of the following lab values may be elevated with a testicular malignancy?

Answer 40

AFP

Question 41

The length of each seminal vesicle measures approximately

Answer 41

5 cm

Question 42

With age, the prostate sometimes

Answer 42

enlarges

Question 43

Of the glandular prostate, the transition zone accounts for about

Answer 43

5%

Question 44

Seminal vesicles in the long axis are seen using which scanning plane?

Answer 44

transverse

Question 45

The prostate gland is sonographically

Answer 45

heterogeneous

Question 46

True or false The prostate gland and seminal vesicles contribute to sperm viability by secreting alkaline fluids

Answer 46

true

Question 47

true or false The fluid secreted by the seminal vesicles constitutes about 33% of semen volume

Answer 47

false

Question 48

true or false The seminal vesicles empty into the distal ductus deferens to form the ejaculatory ducts

Answer 48

true

Question 49

The transabdominal approach is superior for scanning the seminal vesicles and prostate

Answer 49

false

Question 50

The prostate gland consists of a small anterior verumontanum and a much larger posterior glandular region

Answer 50

false

Question 51

The remnant of what structure is known as the scrotal ligament?

Answer 51

Gubernaculum

Question 52

The scrotum is divided into two compartments: externally by ______and internally by ______

Answer 52

median raphe; tunica dartos

Question 53

The cremaster muscle surrounds each testicle and performs what important function?

Answer 53

contractions regulate internal temperature of testicles

Question 54

This dense, white fibrous tissue covers the testis and forms the mediastinum testis and interlobar septa:

Answer 54

tunica albuginea

Question 55

The septa of the mediastinum radiate into the testicle and separate into how many lobules?

Answer 55

200-300

Question 56

The epididymis is composed mostly of this single convoluted tubule

Answer 56

ductus epididymis

Question 57

this structure is divided into globus major, corpus, and globus minor

Answer 57

epididymis

Question 58

The corpora cavernosa and corpus spongiosum are three cylindrical masses of tissue of what structure

Answer 58

penis

Question 59

Sonographically, normal testicular parenchyma is homogeneous and similiar in appearance to

Answer 59

thyroid

Question 60

This is a network of fibrous connective tissue continuous with the tunica albuginea that invaginates the posterior aspect of the testis and encloses the rete testis

Answer 60

mediastinum testis

Question 61

Which statement is incorrect about the seminal vesicles? a. they are paired glands b. they are posterior to the urinary bladder and inferior to the prostate c. each gland empties into the distal ductus vas deferens d. they help form the ejaculatory duct

Answer 61

b

Question 62

Denonvillier's fascia

Answer 62

lies between the prostate and rectum

Question 63

The prostate is supported by

Answer 63

the obturator internus and levator ani muscles

Question 64

The area close to the center of the prostate is called

Answer 64

verumontanum

Question 65

When imaging or describing the glandular prostate, the best technique to describe the prostate is to use

Answer 65

zones

Question 66

The biggest portion of the glandular prostate is the

Answer 66

peripheral zone

Question 67

The peripheral zone comprises what percentage of the glandular prostate?

Answer 67

70 %

Question 68

Semen is composed of

Answer 68

60% alkaline fructose, 13-33% alkaline fluid, and sperm

Question 69

The part of the prostate that provides an exit from the urethra is:

Answer 69

the apex

Question 70

The cyst that is associated with genital anomalies such as hypospadias?

Answer 70

utricle cyst