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Human Anatomy -- Thorax and Abdomen > Abdomen > Flashcards

Abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

Layers of anterolateral wall of abdomen

A 
Skin
Camper fascia (fatty)
Scarpa fascia (membranous)
External oblique + investing fascia
Internal oblique + investing fascia
Transversus abdominis + investing fascia
Transversalis fascia
Extraperitoneal fat
Parietal peritoneum
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2
Q

3 major unpaired branches of the abdominal aorta

Area they supply

A 
Celiac trunk (foregut)
Sup mesenteric (midgut)
Inf mesenteric (hindgut)
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3
Q

Branches of celiac trunk

A

Left gastric
Splenic
Common hepatic

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4
Q

Branches of left gastric a (from celiac trunk from aorta)

A

Esophageal

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5
Q

Branches of splenic a (from celiac trunk from aorta)

A 
Post gastric
Short gastric aa
Left gastro-omental artery
Splenic branches
Dorsal pancreatic
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6
Q

Left gastric from…

Right gastric from…

A

Left from celiac trunk

Right from Hepatic Artery proper from Common Hepatic from Celiac Trunk

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7
Q

Left gastroomental from…

Right gastroomental from…

A

Left from splenic from celiac trunk

Right from gastroduodenal from common hepatic from celiac trunk

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8
Q

Branches of Common Hepatic

A

Hepatic artery proper

Gastroduodenal artery

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9
Q

Branches of hepatic artery proper (from common hepatric from celiac trunk)

A

Right gastric
Right and left branches to liver
Cystic artery

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10
Q

Branches of gastroduodenal artery (from common hepatic from celiac trunk)

A

Supraduodenal
Right gastro-omental
Sup pancreaticoduodenal

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11
Q

Branches of sup mesenteric artery

A 
Ileocolic
Right colic
Middle colic
Inf pancreaticoduodenal aa
Jejunal aa
Ileal aa
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12
Q

Name of vessel that is anastamosis b/w sup and inf mesenteric aa

A

Marginal a

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13
Q

Branches of inf mesenteric artery

A

Left colic
Sup sigmoid aa
Sigmoid aa
Sup rectal

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14
Q

Parasym nerves of abdomen come from…

Sym nerves of abdomen come from…

A

Parasym: vagus
Sym: splanchnic

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15
Q

Where does vagus end?

A

left colic flexure

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16
Q

Path of splanchnic nerves from thorax to abdomen

A

Travel in front of aorta through hole in diaphragm for aorta

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17
Q

Ganglionic plexi of abdomen

A

Celiac
Sup mesenteric
Inf mesenteric

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18
Q

Parasympathetic innervation below the left colic flexure come from what nerves?

A

pelvic splanchnic nerves

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19
Q

Parasym nerves originate…

Sym nerves originate

A

Parasym: head and pelvis
Sym: thoracolumbar area

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20
Q

Muscles of anterolateral wall

A

External oblique
Internal oblique
Transversus abdominis
Quadratus lumborum

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21
Q

External oblique
Origin
Insertion

A 
Origin: ribs 5-12
Insertion: 
--Linea alba
--Pubic tubercle
--Ant half of iliac crest
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22
Q

Internal oblique
Origin
Insertion

A 
Origin: 
--Thoracolumbar fascia
--Iliac crest
--Inguinal ligament
Insertion
--Ribs 10-12
--Linea alba
--Pecten pubis via conjoint tendon
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23
Q

Transversus abdominis
Origin
Insertion

A 
Origin: 
--Costal cartilages 7-12
--Thoracolumbar fascia
--Iliac crest
--Inguinal ligament
Insertion:
--Linea alba w/ aponeurosis of internal oblique
--Pubic crest
Pecten pubis via conjoint tendon
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24
Q

Rectus abdominus
Origin
Insertion

A

Origin: pubic symphysis and pubic crest
Insertion: Xiphoid process and 5th-7th costal cartilages

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25
Fascia surrounding oblique muscles originated from
Thoracolumnar fascia
26
Deep inguinal ring
entrance to inguinal canal
27
Superficial inguinal ring
exit by which spermatic cord/round ligament emerges from inguinal canal
28
Subinguinal space
Located below inguinal canal and above the hip bone | Passage for things to move from pelivis --> leg (femoral NAV)
29
Inguinal canal formed by...
Inguinal ligament | Fascia of obliques and transversus abdominis
30
Lateral and medial crus come from...
Ext oblique aponeurosis
31
Inguinal falx (conjoint tendon)
Where aponeuroses of int oblique and transversus abdominus fuse to form back wall of inguinal canal
32
Ant wall of inguinal canal formed by...
External oblique aponeurosis
33
Post wall of inguinal canal formed by...
``` Inguinal falx (conjoint tendon) Transversalis fascia ```
34
Floor of inguinal canal formed by...
Inguinal ligament
35
Muscles near inguinal canal
Iliopsoas made by: Iliacus and Psoas major
36
Iliopsoas allows for what movement
Main flexor hip
37
Parts of lumbar plexus
Iliohypogastric (sensory) | Ilio-inguinal (sensory)
38
Common iliac aa from... | Branch into...
From descending aorta | Branch into ext and int iliac
39
Branches of ext iliac a
``` Superficial epigastric (in front of rectus abdominus) Inferior epigastric (behind rectus abdominus) ```
40
Branches of int thoracic a
Musculophrenic (also supplies diaphragm) | Superior epigastric
41
Arcuate line
point where rectus sheath goes entirely in front of rectus muscle (lower part of rectus)
42
Median umbilical fold Location Remnant of...
Location: comes off bladder in midline of abdominal wall | Remnant of urachus (outgrowth of gut called allantois)
43
Medial umbilical fold Location Remnant of...
Location: located lateral the median umbilical cord | Remnant of umbilical aa (go toward umbilicus, took deox blood from fetus out to placenta to be oxygenated)
44
Round ligament of liver | Remnant of...
Umbilical vein
45
Gonads begin near...then descend
the kidneys
46
Gubernaculum
Connects testis/ovaries to ant abdominal wall | Shortens to pull gonads down
47
Spermatic cord includes
Testicular a and v | Vas deferens
48
Layers of scrotum
1. External spermatic fascia (from ext oblique muscle) 2. Cremasteria fascia (from int oblique muscle) 3. Internal spermatic fascia (from transversalis fascia) 4. Tunica vaginalis (from peritoneum)
49
Ligament of ovary from... | Round ligament of uterus from...
Ligament of ovary from upper gubernaculum | Round ligament from lower gubernaculum
50
What passes through inguinal canal in males? | Females?
Males: Spermatic cord Females: Round ligament of uterus
51
Testicular vein AKA
pampiniform plexus
52
What connects testis and epididymis?
Rete testis
53
2 spaces of peritoneal cavity
``` Greater sac Lesser sac (omental bursa) ```
54
``` Greater sac Lesser sac (omental bursa) ```
Greater: everything outside the lesser omentum Lesser: space below liver and behind stomach Everything behind the lesser omentum
55
Retroperitoneal
structures that are external to the peritoneum
56
Secondarily retroperitoneal
Start off as intraperitoneal, then fuse to post body wall to become retroperitoneal
57
Intraperitoneal
structures that are internal to the peritoneum
58
Retroperitoneal organs
Kidneys Ovaries Testis
59
Secondarily retroperitoneal organs
``` Ascending colon Descending colon Duodenum Pancreas Rectum ```
60
Mesentery
Double layer of peritoneum that occurs as a result of the invagination of the peritoneum by an organ and constitutes a continuity of the visceral and parietal peritoneum --Connects intraperitoneal organ to the body wall
61
Greater omentum | Developed from what mesentery?
- -4-layered peritoneal fold - -hangs down from the greater curvature of the stomach and duodenum - -after descending, folds back and attaches to ant surface of the transverse colon and its mesentery - -Developed from dorsal mesentery
62
Lesser omentum | Developed from what mesentery?
- -2-layered peritoneal fold - -connects lesser curvature of stomach and duodenum to liver - -Developed from ventral mesentery
63
Dorsal mesentery | Ventral mesentery
Dorsal: anchors gut to post wall Ventral: anchors top part of gut to parietal peritoneum; surrounds liver, pancreas, duodenum
64
Ligaments of greater omentum
Gastrophrenic ligament Gastrosplenic ligament Gastrocolic ligament
65
Ligaments of lesser omentum
Gastrohepatic ligment | Hepatoduodenal ligament
66
Indirect inguinal hernia
loop of small intestine exits into inguinal canal via deep inguinal ring
67
Direct inguinal hernia
breaks straight through post wall of inguinal canal
68
Femoral hernia
gut passes under inguinal canal and comes out with femoral a and v
69
Umbilical hernia
gut comes out into umbilicus (newborns
70
External iliac goes to... | Internal iliac goes to...
Ext: exits pelvis and becomes femoral a Int: stays in pelvis
71
Hepatic portal sys
all blood from gut goes to liver via hepatic portal vein
72
Hepatic portal sys is confluence of what vv?
Splenic v Inf mesenteric v (branch of splenic) Sup mesenteric v
73
Branches of sup mesenteric vein
Ileocolic Right colic Middle colic
74
Branches of inf mesenteric vein
Left colic Sigmoid Recto-sigmoid
75
Parts of stomach (external surface)
``` Cardia Fundus Body Pyloric antrum Pyloric canal ```
76
Internal surface of stomach
``` Gastric folds (rugae) Angular incisure (notch in lesser curvature) Pyloric sphincter ```
77
What side of the body are these organs? Spleen Liver
Spleen: left Liver: right
78
What organ is behind the stomach, nestled into the C shape of the duodenum?
Pancreas
79
3 parts of small intestine | Intra, retro, or sec retro?
Duodenum: sec retro Jejunum: intra Ileum: intra
80
``` Compare jejunum and ileum based on... Location Inside surface Arterial arcades Vasa recta Windows Encroaching fat ```
Jejunum - -L upper quadrant - -many ridges inside - -few, large arterial arcades - -long vasa recta - -larger windows - -less encroaching fat Ileum - -R lower quadrant - -Becomes progressively smoother - -many, short arterial arcades - -short vasa recta - -smaller windows - -more encroaching fat
81
Windows
spaces b/w vasa recta
82
Layers of wall of small intestine
``` Visceral peritoneum (serosa) --> from mesentery Subserosa Muscularis externa --with myenteric plexus (Auerbach) Submucosa --with submucosal plexus (Meissner) Muscularis mucosae Mucosa ```
83
Pancrease releases...
``` Digestive enzymes (carb and protein digestive enzymes) Bicarbonate soln ```
84
Blood supply of pancreas
Sup pancreatocoduodenal aa (from common hepatic from gastroduodenal) Inf pancreaticoduodenal aa (from sup mesenteric) Dorsal pancreatic a (from splenic)
85
Parts of duodenum
Sup Desc Horiz Asc
86
First part of sup part of duodenum is ...peritoneal Second part Rest of duodenum
First part: intraperitoneal Second part: retroperitoneal Rest of duodenum: sec retroperitoneal
87
Exit from what organs into duodenum?
Pancreas | Liver (bile)
88
Hepatopancreatic ampulla
Confluence of bile duct and main pancreatic duct | Enter duodenum via major duodenal papilla
89
Minor duodenal papilla
opening where accessory pancreatic duct enters duodenum
90
Parts of large intestine
``` Cecum Asc Transverse Des Sigmoid Rectum Anal canal ```
91
outer longitudinal muscle arranged as strips on outside of large intestine
Tenuae coli
92
subdivisions/segments of large intestine; correspond with semilunar folds
Haustra
93
folds on inside of large intestine that correspond with haustra
Semilunar folds
94
Ileocecal junction
where ileum of SI and cecum of LI join | --1st named branch of sup mesenteric a is here
95
Appendix attached to what part of large intestine?
Cecum
96
Subinguinal space
Below aponeurosis of ext oblique | Conduit for femoral NAV
97
Superficial inguinal ring located b/w...
lateral and medial crus
98
Lateral crus attaches to... | Medial crus...
Lateral: pubic tubercle Medial: pubic crest
99
Upper gubernaculum forms... | Lower gubernaculum...
Upper: ligament of ovary Lower: round ligament of uterus
100
Where are sperm produced?
Seminiferous tubercles
101
What kind of nerves run along with splanchnic nerves?
Sensory
102
When contract... Longitudinal muscle... Circular muscle...
Long: shortens Circular: squeezes
103
Function of muscles of SI... Muscularis externa Muscluaris mucosae
Externa: peristalsis Mucosae: regulates blood flow
104
What is the joining of the bile duct and main pancreatic duct?
Hepato-pancreatic ampulla
105
What is the opening into the duodenum for the hepato-pancreatic ampulla?
Major duodenal papilla
106
Opening for accessory pancreatic duct into duodenum?
Minor duodenal papilla

Human Anatomy -- Thorax and Abdomen (2 decks)

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