abdomen Flashcards
(37 cards)
what are the bones of the abdomen?
Thoracic and lumbar vertebra (T10-L5)
- Body
- Lamina
- Pedicle
- Transverse process
- Spinous process
- Inferior and superior articular facet
- Intervertebral disc
- Vertebral foramen
what are the muscles of the abdomen?
psoas
what course does the psoas muscle follow?
Extend along the lateral surface of the lumbar vertebrae to insert on the lesser trochanter of the femur
Act to flex the thigh and trunk
what organs are located iin the abdomen
Liver Gall bladder Pancreas - Head, neck, tail Stomach - Fundus, body, pylorus Spleen L and R kidneys - Upper and lower pole, renal pelvis Adrenal glands Large bowel - Ascending colon, hepatic flexure, transverse colon, splenic flexure, descending colon, cecum, sigmoid, rectum, anus Small bowel - Duodenum, jejunum, ileum L and R uterus Greater omentum
what is the course of the portal vein
formed in the retroperitoneum by the union of the superior mesenteric and splenic veins, posterior to the neck of the pancreas
- It passes obliquely to the right, posterior to the hepatic artery enters the liver at the porta hepatis
- At the porta hepatis, it branches into right and left main portal veins that then follow the course of the right and left hepatic arteries
what is the course of the left hepatic vein
- The left portal vein initially courses to the left, then turns medially toward the ligamentum teres
- It branches to supply the lateral segments (segments II and III) of the left lobe and the superior and inferior sections of segment IV
what is the course of the right hepatic vein
- The right portal vein first sends branches to the caudate lobe and then divides into anterior and posterior branches that subdivide into superior and inferior branches to supply the right lobe of the liver
what is the course of the left and right hepatic ducts
The left and right hepatic ducts unite at the port hepatis to form the proximal portion of the common hepatic duct, which marks the beginning of the extrahepatic biliary system
what is the course of the common hepatic duct
The CHD is located anterior to the portal vein and lateral to the hepatic artery in its caudal descent from the porta hepatis
- As the CHD descends in the free border of the lesser omentum, it is joined from the right by the cystic duct and the common bile duct
what is the course of the common bile duct
continues a caudal descent along with the hepatic artery and portal vein within the hepatoduodenal ligament
- It curves slightly to the right, away from the portal vein, then courses posterior and medial to the first part of the duodenum behind the head of the pancreas
- Follows a groove on the posterior surface of the pancreatic head, then pierces the medial wall of the second part of the duodenum along with the main pancreatic duct through the ampulla of Vater
what are the parts of the pancreas
head
neck
body
tail
what are the two adrenal glands
left and right
what are the parts of the kidney
upper poles, lower poles, pelvis
what are the parts of the stomach
body
fundus
pylorus
what are the parts of the small bowel
duodenum
jejunum
ilem
what are the parts of the large bowel
cecum colon ascending colon hepatic flexure transverse colon descending colon sigmoid colon rectum
what vessels are located in the abdomen
Abdominal Aorta Inferior Vena Cava Hepatic system - Right hepatic vein - Intermediate hepatic vein - Left hepatic vein Celiac artery Splenic artery Hepatic artery - L and R common hepatic arteries L and R renal arteries L and R renal veins Portal vein - Splenic vein - Superior mesenteric vein - Inferior mesenteric vein L and R common iliac arteries L and R common iliac veins Superior mesenteric artery Inferior mesenteric artery
where does the abdominal aorta bifurcate and what does it bifurcate into
L4
left and right common iliac arteries
where does the superior mesenteric artery emerge and where does it course
just below the celiac trunk at approx. L1
- It descends behind the body of the pancreas, then over the horizontal portion of the duodenum to course in the mesentery to the ileum
what is the course of the right renal artery
- Each vessel travels horizontally to the hilum of the corresponding kidney
- passes posterior to the IVC and right renal vein on its course to the right kidney
what is the course of the left renal artery
- Each vessel travels horizontally to the hilum of the corresponding kidney
- The left kidney is higher than the right kidney, which means the left renal artery is generally slightly superior to the right
what is the course of the celiac trunk
- A very short vessel that leaves the anterior wall of the aorta just after the aorta passes through the diaphragm
- The short celiac trunk divides into three branches: left gastric, common hepatic and splenic arteries
what Is the course of the splenic artery
The largest branch of the celiac trunk and passes to the left behind the stomach and along the upper border of the pancreas, within the splenorenal ligament, to the hilum and spleen
what is the course of the inferior mesenteric artery
- Arises 3-4cm above the bifurcation of the aorta at approx. L3-L4
- It descends in from of the abdominal aorta and then to the left, where it gives off multiple branches
