Abdomen: Foregut

Question 1

the serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity

Answer 1

peritoneum

Question 2

three types of peritoneum

Answer 2

parietal, visceral, and mesentery peritoneum

Question 3

parietal peritoneum

Answer 3

outer layer that covers the abdominal wall

Question 4

visceral peritoneum

Answer 4

inner layer that covers the organs

Question 5

mesentery peritoneum

Answer 5

double layer of peritoneum that suspends organs from the body wall

Question 6

intraperitoneal

Answer 6

structures covered in visceral peritoneum and suspended by mesentery peritoneum

Question 7

primary retroperitoneal

Answer 7

lies posterior to peritoneum through entirety of development

Question 8

secondarily retroperitoneal

Answer 8

starts as intraperitoneal, but migrates posterior to peritoneum during development

Question 9

retroperitoneal organs

Answer 9

Suprarenal (adrenal) glands
Aorta/IVC
Duodenum (except 1st portion)

Pancreas (except tail)
Ureters
Colon (ascending and descending only)
Kidneys
Esophagus
Rectum

Question 10

Secondary Retroperitoneal Organs

Answer 10

Pancreas
Colon
Duodenum

Question 11

two main mesenteries

Answer 11

mesentery proper and mesocolon

Question 12

mesentery proper

Answer 12

suspensory organ that connects small intestines to body wall

Question 13

mesocolon

Answer 13

suspensory colon that connects large intestines to abdominal wall

Question 14

mesentery proper

Answer 14

connects small intestines to body wall

Question 14

omentum

Answer 14

double layered extension/fold of peritoneum that connects the stomach to another organ

Question 15

greater omentum

Answer 15

4 layered fold that hangs from the greater curvature of stomach and attaches on transverse colon

Question 16

lesser omentum

Answer 16

2 layered fold that connects the lesser curvature of the stomach and the liver

Question 17

ligaments of the greater omentum

Answer 17

gastrocolic and gastrosplenic ligament

Question 18

ligaments of the lesser omentum

Answer 18

hepatoduodenal and gastrohepatic ligament

Question 19

omental foramen (foramen of winslow)

Answer 19

passageway between greater and lesser sacs

Question 20

paracolic gutters

Answer 20

peritoneal recesses on the posterior abdominal wall that connect the different compartments. Allow for free communication between pathway (infection/cancer spreads)

Question 21

foregut

Answer 21

end of the esophagus to the first half of the duodenum

Question 22

midgut

Answer 22

second half of the duodenum to proximal 2/3 of transverse colon

Question 23

hindgut

Answer 23

distal 1/3 of colon to superior anal canal

Question 24

digestive tract order

Answer 24

esophagus --> stomach --> duodenum --> jejunum (small intestine) --> ileum (small intestine) --> ascending colon (large intestine) --> transverse colon (large intestine) --> descending colon (large intestine) --> sigmoid colon (large intestine) --> rectum

Question 25

esophagus

Answer 25

muscular tube that moves food down to the stomach

Question 26

esophagus

Answer 26

muscular tube that moves food down to the stomach

Question 26

divisions of the stomach

Answer 26

fundus, cardia, body, pylorus

Question 27

gastric rugae

Answer 27

longitudinal folds that allow for stretching within the inside of the stomach

Question 28

pyloric sphincter

Answer 28

band of smooth muscle that controls outflow to the duodenum

Question 29

esophagogastric junctions

Answer 29

contains esophageal sphincter (not a true sphincter, no band of smooth muscle) prevents backflow into esophagus

Question 30

condition characterized by the bacteria helicobacter pylori eroding the stomach lining, causing painful open lesions of the mucosa

Answer 30

gastric ulcers

Question 31

condition characterized by the lower esophageal sphincter being displaced superior to the diaphragm (95%)

Answer 31

Sliding Hiatal Hernia

Question 32

condition characterized by the fundus of the stomach herniating into the mediastinum through the esophageal hiatus

Answer 32

Para-Esophageal Hiatal Hernia

Question 33

duodenum

Answer 33

first portion of small intestine

Question 34

four parts of the duodenum

Answer 34

foregut: superior, descending midgut: horizontal, ascending Last four parts are retroperitoneal

Question 35

duodenojejunal flexure

Answer 35

supported by a suspensory ligament of the duodenum, aids in digestion though the widening of angle

Question 36

spleen

Answer 36

accessory organ, lymphatic not digestive, site of white cell proliferation, filters out old red blood cells

Question 37

hilum of spleen contains...

Answer 37

splenic artery and vein

Question 38

pancreas

Answer 38

accessory digestive organ, secretes glucagon/ insulin, secretes pancreatic juice

Question 39

liver

Answer 39

produces bile and filters blood, RUQ

Question 40

gallbladder

Answer 40

stores bile

Question 41

the path of bile

Answer 41

produced in liver --> exits via the hepatic duct --> left and right hepatic duct combine to form common hepatic duct --> cystic duct --> enters gallbladder --> exits gallbladder via cystic duct --> down common hepatic duct to duodenum

Question 42

condition characterized as the concentration of cholesterol or bilirubin in the gall bladder, cystic duct, or bile duct

Answer 42

gall stones

Question 43

blood supply to the foregut

Answer 43

celiac trunk

Question 44

blood supply to the midgut

Answer 44

superior mesenteric artery

Question 45

blood supply to the hundgut

Answer 45

inferior mesenteric artery

Question 46

primary branches of the celiac trunk

Answer 46

common hepatic, splenic, and left gastric artery

Question 47

left gastric artery

Answer 47

anastomoses with right gastric artery to supply lesser curvature of stomach, supplies esophagus via esophageal branches

Question 48

branches of the common hepatic artery

Answer 48

gastroduodenal, right gastric, proper hepatic

Question 49

branches of the splenic artery

Answer 49

short gastric, left gastro-omental, pancreatic branches

Question 50

what veins join to create the hepatic portal vein

Answer 50

splenic and superior mesenteric veins