Middle Mediastinum

Question 1

two types of pericardium

Answer 1

fibrous and serous

Question 2

is the fibrous pericardium elastic or inelastic

Answer 2

inelastic, prevalent because pressure within this wall will compress heart

Question 3

layers of the serous pericardium

Answer 3

parietal (outer) and visceral (inner)

Question 4

the sternal angle is aligned with which rib and vertebra

Answer 4

2nd rib, T4/5

Question 5

What runs between the parietal and visceral layers

Answer 5

serous fluid

Question 6

what sinus is important for identifying ascending aorta and pulmonary trunks for bypass surgery

Answer 6

transverse pericardial sinus

Question 7

List the flow of the blood through the heart

Answer 7

enters through the superior/inferior vena cava into the right atrium —> tricuspid valve –> right ventricle –> pulmonary semilunar valve –> pulmonary trunk –> pulmonary artery –> lungs –> pulmonary veins –> left atrium –> bicuspid valve –> left ventrical –> aortic semilunar valve –> aorta –> body

Question 8

atria ___ blood

Answer 8

recieve

Question 9

ventricles ____ blood

Answer 9

pump

Question 10

condition characterized by a blood clot forming in the body, being carried toward the heart through the vena cava, in the right ventricle, then getting stuck in the lung

Answer 10

pulmonary embolism

Question 11

blood supply of the heart

Answer 11

coronary arteries

Question 12

A left or right dominant heart is determined by which coronary artery is contributing to the _______

Answer 12

posterior interventricular artery

Question 13

Sinus that most veins on the heart drains into

Answer 13

coronary sinus

Question 14

what veins on the heart do not drain into the coronary sinus and where do they drain

Answer 14

anterior cardiac veins, drain directly into right atrium

Question 15

What vein runs with the anterior interventricular artery

Answer 15

great cardiac vein

Question 16

what vein runs with the posterior interventricular artery

Answer 16

middle cardiac vein

Question 17

Most common artery associated with myocardial infarctions (heart attack)

Answer 17

anterior interventricular artery

Question 18

diastole

Answer 18

atrial contraction, dub sound

Question 19

systole

Answer 19

ventricular contraction, lub sound

Question 20

CPR mimics

Answer 20

systole

Question 21

three shunts of fetal circulation

Answer 21

ductus venosis, ductus arteriosus, foramen ovale

Question 22

ductus venosis

Answer 22

duct in fetus to bypass liver since blood has already been processed through mom’s liver

Question 23

foramen ovale

Answer 23

connects the right and left atria to bypass the lungs

Question 24

ductus arteriosis

Answer 24

sends blood from aorta to pulmonary trunk

Question 25

fetal blood circulation

Answer 25

blood enters through the umbillicus vein, passes liver via ductus venosus, into the heart via the inferior vena cava, right atrium, foramen ovale, left atrium, left ventricle, to the fetal body, in the superior vena cava, right atrium, right ventricle, ductus arteriosus, aorta

Question 26

umbillical vein post birth

Answer 26

ligamentum teres hepatis

Question 27

ductus venosus post birth

Answer 27

ligamentum venosum

Question 28

foramen ovale post birth

Answer 28

fossa ovale

Question 29

ductus arteriosus post birth

Answer 29

ligamentum arteriosum

Question 30

sympathetic innervation of the heart

Answer 30

Post ganglionic fibers of T1-5 work within excitement of the heart

Question 31

Parasympathetic innervation of the heart

Answer 31

pre ganglionic fibers via the vagus nerve helps with resting heart rate

Question 32

pacemaker of the heart

Answer 32

atrioventricular node

Question 33

node associated with atrial contraction

Answer 33

sinoatrial node

Question 34

node associated with ventricular contraction

Answer 34

atrioventricular node

Question 35

auscultation of aortic semilunar valve

Answer 35

right second intercostal space

Question 36

auscultation of pulmonary semilunar valve

Answer 36

left second intercostal space

Question 37

auscultation of left atrioventricular (mitral) valve

Answer 37

left midclavicular line, fifth intercostal space

Question 38

auscultation of right atrioventricular (tricuspid) valve

Answer 38

left fifth intercostal space