Abdomen - GIT

Question 1

Pneumoperitoneum

Answer 1

Perforation from peptic ulcer, infarction, malignant neoplasm, obstruction, iatrogenic

Question 2

Gasless abdomen

Answer 2

Ascites, pancreatitis, bowel obstruction, abdominal mass

Question 3

Upper third pharyngeal diverticulum

Answer 3

Zenker, lateral pharyngeal (glass blowers or trumpeters) and Killian-Jamieson

Question 4

Middle third pharyngeal diverticulum

Answer 4

Traction and congenital

Question 5

Lower third pharyngeal diverticulum

Answer 5

Ulcer, Mallory-Weiss, Postsurgical

Question 6

Esophageal ulceration

Answer 6

Inflammatory (Reflux, Barrett, Candida, Caustic, Crohn and drug-induced) and Neoplastic (Leiomyosarcoma, lymphoma)

Question 7

Smooth esophageal strictures

Answer 7

Inflammatory (Scleroderma, iatrogenic), neoplastic (SCC, leiomyoma, mediastinal mass) and Achalasia

Question 8

Irregular esophageal stricture

Answer 8

Inflammatory (Reflux or Crohn), Neoplastic (Plummer-Vinson, Barrett, SCC, leiomyosarcoma, lymphoma)

Question 9

Primary malignant stomach neoplasm with filling defect

Answer 9

Carcinoma, Lymphoma, GIST

Question 10

Polyps with stomach filling defect

Answer 10

Hyperplastic (MC), adenomatous (ass’d pernicious anemia) and hamartomatous (multiple, antrum, Peutz-Jegher, Gardner syndrome)

Question 11

Submucosal stomach masses with filling defect

Answer 11

Leiomyoma, Lipoma, Neurofibroma and Mets

Question 12

Thickened stomach folds

Answer 12

Inflammatory (Gastritis, Zollinger-Ellison, Crohn, acute pancreatitis), Neoplastic (Lymphoma, carcinoma, eosinophilic gastroenteritis) , Menetrier disease and Varices

Question 13

Linitis plastica

Answer 13

Neo (gastric carcinoma, lymphoma, mets (breast), pancreatic carcinoma), inflammatory (Corrosives, radiotherapy, TB, eosinophilic gastroenteritis

Question 14

Bulls-eye lesion in stomach

Answer 14

Submucosal mets (melanoma, lymphoma commonest), leiomyoma, Pancreatic rests, neurofibroma

Question 15

Decreased duodenal folds

Answer 15

Scleroderma, Crohn, cystic fibrosis, amyloidosis

Question 16

Duodenal fold thickening or mass

Answer 16

Neo (adenocarcinoma, Brunner gland hamartoma, adenoma, GIST, leiomyoma, lymphona, NET, mets (melanoma, breast or lung)), inflammatory (ulcer, Crohn, hamatoma, ischemia, worm infestation)

Question 17

Dilated small bowel with normal folds

Answer 17

Mechanical obstruction, paralytic ileus, celiac disease, scleroderma

Question 18

Dilation small bowel with thickened folds

Answer 18

Ischemia, Crohn, Lymphoma, Zollinger-Ellison

Question 19

Small bowel strictures

Answer 19

Crohn, radiation, lymphoma, carcinoma, mets

Question 20

Thickened folds in non-dilated small bowel - regular and smooth

Answer 20

Intramural hematoma, ischemia, radiation therapy, edema, amyloidosis or eosinophilic enteritis

Question 21

Thickened folds in non-dilated small bowel - IRrregular and distorted

Answer 21

Crohn, Zollinger-ellison, lymhoma, mets, TB, amyloidosis, Giardiasis

Question 22

Multiple nodules in small bowel

Answer 22

Crohns, Whipple disease, Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia, lymphoma, Polyposis (Peutz-Jegher, Gardner, Canada-Crohnkite), infection (thypoid, yersinia

Question 23

Colonic polyps

Answer 23

Adenomatous (Simple, familial polyposis syndromes), hamartomatous (Peutz-Jegher), ulcerative colitis, Crohn, Canada-Cronkite

Question 24

Colonic strictures

Answer 24

Neo (Carcinoma, lymhoma), Inflam (UC, Crohn), ischemia, infective (TB, amoeba, schistosomiasis), extrinsic mass (tumors or endometriosis)

Question 25

Diffuse colitis

Answer 25

UC, CMV, Ecoli, pseudomembranous colitis

Question 26

Primarily Right-sided colitis

Answer 26

Crohn, Salmonella, TB, ischemia

Question 27

Primarily left-sided colitis

Answer 27

UC, ischemia, diverticultis, epiploic appendagitis

Question 28

Pneumatosis intestinalis

Answer 28

Low risk (asthma, cystic fibrosis, collagen vascular disease, corticosteroids) and high risk (ischemia, intestinal obstruction, toxic megacolon, trauma)

Question 29

Megacolon in an adult WITHOUT mucosal changes

Answer 29

Distal obstruction, ileus, purgative abuse

Question 30

Megacolon in an adult WITH mucosal changes

Answer 30

Inflam (UC, Crohn), ischemia, dysentry

Question 31

Colonic thumbprinting

Answer 31

UC, Crohn, Ischemia, schistosomiasis, lymphoma and mets

Question 32

Cystic pancreatic mass

Answer 32

Pseudocyst, VHL, carcinoma

Question 33

Paraaortic cystic nodes

Answer 33

Testicular or cervical carcinoma

Question 34

Retroperitoneal cystic tumor

Answer 34

Lymphangioma, leiomyosarcoma, cystic teratoma, Mullerian cyst

Question 35

Retrorectal space widening (>1.5cm at S4)

Answer 35

Normal in obese, inflam (UC, Crohn, abscess), Neo (carcinoma, mets, sacral tumors), developmental cysts

Question 36

Cystic renal masses

Answer 36

Polycystic kidney disease, Cortical cysts (simple or VHL, Turner, tuberous sclerosis-related), medullary cysts