Abdomen part 3 Flashcards
in dogs, the kidneys may be ___________ the length of L2
2.5-3.5x
in cats, the kidneys may be ____________ the length of L2
2-3x
what are some kidney abnormalities?
big kidney
small kidney
kidney mass
renal calculi/mineralization
where do ureters live?
retroperitoneal space
where does the normal bladder live?
caudal abdomen
ventral to colon
ventral to uterine body if present
what are some bladder and urethral abnormalities?
calculi
rupture
rectourethral fistula
perineal hernia
for radiolucent calculi, what do you need to see them?
cystography or ultrasound
what does the normal prostate surround?
urethra just caudal to urinary bladder
do we see the prostate in cats?
no
what should be the size of the prostate in a dog?
dorsal to ventral diameter should be <70% of the distance from the cranioventral aspect of thee sacrum to the pubis on the lateral view
what are some prostatic abnormalities?
benign prostatic hypertrophy
prostatitis
prostatic carcinoma
paraprostatic cysts
where do the normal adrenal glands live?
retroperitoneal space medial to cranial poles of kidneys
are the adrenal glands normally visible on radiographs?
no
the body of the uterus lives between the ____________ and _______________ on the lateral view
colon
bladder
can you normally see a uterus on radiographs?
not unless gravid
when do fetuses become mineralized?
~ day 40
___________________ cannot be distinguished from pyometra, hydrometra, or mucometra on radiographs
midterm pregnancy
what are some types of abnormal uterus?
fetal death
dystocia
fluid filled uterus
uterine stump granuloma
uterine mass
what are some signs of fetal death?
gas in fetus/uterus
overlapping fetal skull bones
loss of fetal flexion
mummification
ultrasound better for viability
what do you see on a radiograph with a pyometra?
tubular fluid opacities
how can you distinguish a pyometra from bowel?
doesn’t contain gas
ultrasound
in what view do you measure the kidneys?
VD
the ________ kidney is more cranial and may be hard to see, and the _________ kidney may be “low slung” on lateral view
right
left
when can ureters be seen?
tons retroperitoneal fat
iodinated contrast
