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Anatomical Science Exam 3 > Abdomen, peritoneum, Organs > Flashcards

Abdomen, peritoneum, Organs Flashcards

(74 cards)

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1
Q

What are the layers of the abdominal wall Superficial to deep

A

Superficial to deep
● Skin
● Subcutaneous layer
● Muscles
● Transversalis fascia
● Extraperitoneal fat
● Parietal peritoneum (lines the abdominal cavity)

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2
Q

what is caput medusa?

A

swelling of superficial veins on abdomen

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3
Q

what nerves innervate the abdominal wall?

A

thoracoabdominal (T7-T11)
subcostal (T12)
ilioinguinal nerves (L1)

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4
Q

what does t7 dermatome supply?

A

tip of ziphoid process

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5
Q

what does the t10 dermatome innervate?

A

umbilicus

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6
Q

what does the l1 dermatome innervate?

A

pubic bone, inguinal fold

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7
Q

what is the job of the internal and external oblique muscles?

A

Compress and support abdominal visceral,
flex and rotate trunk

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8
Q

which muscle’s aponeurosis makes up the inguinal ligament?

A

external abdominal oblique

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9
Q

what is the function of transversus abdominus?

A

compress and support abdominal viscera

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10
Q

what is the rectus sheath made of?

A

Formed by the aponeuroses of the external and internal obliques, and the transversus abdominis

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11
Q

what arteries supply the abdominal wall?

A

superior/inferior epigastric arteries

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12
Q

what makes the superior and deep inguinal ring?

A

superficial: external adnominal oblique aponeurosis
Deep: transceralis fascia

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13
Q

what is in the inguinal canal in males?

A

spermatic cord, a, v, n,

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14
Q

in males and females what runs through the inguinal canal?

A

ilioinguinal nerve

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15
Q

what muscle makes something important in the male inguinal region?

A

internal oblique extends to become cremaster muscle (brings testes up and down in temperature response)

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16
Q

what is a direct inguinal hernia?

A

medial to inferior epigastric artery

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17
Q

what is a indirect hernia?

A

lateral to inferior epigastric artery (however these are more likely to get into the testicle)d

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18
Q

describe where the liver is

A

right under the right ribs, covered by diagram
“Extends inferiorly to
costal margin on right
and across midline to
left midclavicular line”

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19
Q

where is the gallbladder?

A

Fundus located at tip of
right 9th costal cartilage
on transpyloric plane
(L1)

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20
Q

where is the spleen?

A

left side, 9-10 rib
parallel to 10 rib
inferior pole no further forward than midaxillary line

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21
Q

Locate the upper pole of
kidneys by rib levels:
* Left: ________
* Right: __________
Locate the hilum of the kidneys: __________

A

10th intercostal space
11th intercostal space
L1

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22
Q

where is the esophageal hiatus?

A

T10

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23
Q

what level is the pylorus?

A

transpyloric plane L1

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24
Q

where are the parts of the duodenum?

A

1st part:
* L1 (transpyloric plane)
3rd part:
* L3 (subcostal plane)
2nd part:
* L3
4th part:
* L2

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25
where is the pancreas?
Head: L1-3 Neck: L1 tail heads to hilum of spleen
26
where is the appendix?
arises from cecum 1/3 distance from right anterior superior iliac spine to umbilicus
27
What is the mesentery?
double layer of peritoneum that enclose the organ and its vasculature connecting to body wall
28
what is the nervous innervation of the parietal peritoneum ? what does this allow?
somatic afferent allows sensation of temp/pain with specificity (sharp localized)
29
what is the nervous innervation of the visceral peritoneum ? what does this allow?
visceral do not sense temperature, pain, ONLY stretch and chemical (dull poorly localized)
30
what is significant about the coronary ligament of the liver?
attachment site for visceral and parietal pleura
31
what is the transverse mesocolon?
mesentery of the transverse colon
32
what is the pouch that separates the bladder and rectum in males?
rectovesical pouch
33
what is the pouch that separates the bladder and ovary in males?
rectouterine pouch
34
what is the pouch that separates the rectum and ovary in males?
rectouterine pouch
35
What organs are retroperitoneal?
ascending, descending, retroperitoneal, kidney, pancreas, duodenum AC/DC Rocker Kids Party Down
36
Which organs are intraperitoneal?
stomach, liver, gallbladder, spleen, first part of duodenum
37
what quadrant is the stomach in?
upper left
38
what artery supplies the foregut?
celiac trunk
39
what are the branches of the celiac trunk?
Common hepatic left gastric splenic (left hand side)
40
what makes up the portal triad?
common bile duct proper hepatic artery hepatic portal vein
41
what is the pringle maneuver?
you can stop all blood flow to the liver by clamping down on the portal triad
42
the epiploic foramen is bordered by
Anterior: portal triad posterior: IVC
43
what does the portal system of veins do?
Drains GI tract (nutrient rich, oxygen poor blood), returns it to liver
44
where does the gallbladder get blood from?
proper hepatic a
45
where does the common bile duct open to duodenum?
goes posterior to first part and drains into second part at the DUODENUM PAPILLA
46
what arteries supplies the duodenum?
1st part: celiac trunk 2-4: superior mesenteric
47
what kind of covering does the 2-4 part of duodenum have?
retroperitoneal
48
what lays posterior to the 1 part of duodenum?
Gastroduodenal artery, portal vein, common bile duct
49
what does the spleen do?
largest lymphatic organ; white cell proliferation, immune system function, removes old RBCs and platelets, recycles iron & globin, blood volume reservoir; NOT part of GI system
50
what artery supplies the pancreas?
head and uncinate: celiac and superior mesenteric neck, body tail: splenic
51
what provides autonomic innervation to the foregut?
celiac ganglion splanchnic nerve superior/inferior mesentaric nerves
52
what artery supplies the midgut?
superior mesenteric a
53
what is the organization of the layers of the small intestine?
smooth muscle, alternating layers, visceral peritoneum
54
what is one anatomical difference between the jejunum and ileum?
jej ha a lot of circular folds whereas the ileum is smooth
55
what does the inside of the colon look like?
triangular
56
what are the branches off the superior mesenteric artery?
middle colic right colic ileocolic
57
what are the branches off the inferior mesenteric a
left colic sigmoidal superior rectal
58
what is the marginal artery of drummond?
vessel that forms a major anastomotic network between the superior and inferior mesenteric arteries.
59
what nerves innervate the hindgut?
The pelvic splanchnic nerves provide parasympathetic innervation, while the sacral splanchnic nerves provide sympathetic innervation.
60
what nerves innervate the midgut?
The vagus nerve provides parasympathetic innervation, while the superior splanchnic nerves provide sympathetic innervation
61
what travels in the splenic, inferior and superior mesenteric veins?
ox poor, nutrient rich blood
62
the portal system drains into IVC through:
hepatic veins
63
right renal, gonadal and hepatic veins drain into:
IVC
64
left gonadal vein drains into
left renal vein (because aorta is in the way of it getting to IVC)
65
if there is a portal vein obstruction where can the paraumbilical vein drain?
superficial epigastric vein
66
if there is a portal vein obstruction where can the left gastric vein drain?
esophageal veins
67
if there is a portal vein obstruction where can the left and right colic vein drain?
retroperitoneal veins
68
The left gastric vein, which drains the stomach and lower esophagus, forms an anastomosis with the __________ that drain into azygos vein and superior vena cava
mid- and upper esophageal veins
69
70
The left gastric vein, which drains the stomach and lower esophagus, forms an anastomosis with the mid and upper esophageal veins that drain into
azygos vein and superior vena cava
71
___________ (which typically drain into the left branch of the portal vein) course along the ligmentum teres & form an anastomosis around the umbilicus with superficial epigastric veins in the anterior abdominal wall which drain into the superior & inferior vena cavae
Paraumbilical veins
72
______________ tributaries to inferior mesenteric vein form an anastomosis with middle & inferior rectal vein
Superior rectal vein
73
__________tributaries to internal iliac vein which drains into the inferior vena cava
middle & inferior rectal vein
74
Right & left colic veins (with tributaries to superior & inferior mesenteric veins) form an anastomosis in the retroperitoneum with _____
lumbar veins

Anatomical Science Exam 3 (12 decks)

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