How many abdominal planes are there
three: midclavicular, subcostal(T10) and transtubercular(L5)
What are the nerves of the anterior abdomen
thoracoabdominal, lateral cutaneous, subcostal, iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal
What are the names of the three layers of fascia in the anterior abdomen
superficial fascia, investing fascia and transversalis fascia
What are two layers of the superficial fascia
campers fascia(fatty layer) and scarpa’s fascia(deeper layer)
Where will you find the investing fascia
between the external oblique, internal oblique and transverse abdominal
What abdominal muscle is the only muscle belly on the midline of the abdomen
rectus abdominus
Where does the inguinal canal run
from ASIS to pubic tubercle
What does the inguinal canal allow passage for
ilioinguinal nerve, spermatic cord(males) and round ligament of uterus(females)
does an indirect or direct inguinal hernia happen more medially
direct inguinal hernia
Is the parietal peronteum in males considered to be open or closed
closed
What is the peritoneum covering the organs called
visceral
What is the name of the peritoneum called that lines the abdominal wall
parietal peritoneum
What does it mean if an organ/structure is infraperitoneal?
inside the parietal peritoneum
What does it mean if an organ/structure is retroperitoneal?
outside parietal cavity
What hangs off the stomach
greater omentum
What connects the stomach to the liver
lesser omentum
What does the transverse mesoncolon do
suspends transverse colon to the posterior abdominal wall
What are the vessels of the abdomen
abdominal aorta, celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery, common iliac artery, external iliac artery and renal artery
Which artery turns into the femoral artery
external iliac artery
What structures are in the foregut
esophasgus,stomach,prox 1/2 of duodenum,liver,bladder,superior pancreas and spleen
What is the blood supply to the foregut
celiac trunk and portal venous system
what is the innervation of the foregut
sympathetic-greater thoracic splanchnic and vagus-parasympathetic
What are the structures of the midgut
distal 2/3 of duodenum, jejunum, ileum, ascending colon, appendix, prox. 2/3 of transverse colon
What is the blood supply to the midgut
superior mesenteric artery
What is the innervation for the midgut
lesser thoracic splanchnic(sympathetic) and vagus(parasympathetic)
What are the structures of the hindgut
distal 1/3 transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectal canal
What is the blood supply of the hindgut
inferior mesenteric artery
What is the innervation of the hindgut
lumbar and sacral splanchnic(sympathetic) ad pelvic splanchnic(parasympathetic)
What are the sections of the stomach
cardiac, fundus, body and pylorus
What is the blood supply of the lesser omentum
right and left gastric arteries
What is the blood supply of the greater omentum
right and left gastroepiploic arteries
What vascular structures lay on top of the transversalis fascia projecting upwards and downwards?
inferior and superior epigastric arteries
Right lobe of liver is in what quadrant?
RUQ
Left liver lobe is in what quad?
LUQ
Gallbladder is in what quad?
RUQ
Pancreas head is in what quad?
RUQ
Pancreas body and tail are in what quad?
LUQ
Spleen is in what quad?
LUQ
Plyorus portion of stomach is in what quad?
RUQ
Duodenum is in what quad?
RUQ
Jejunum is in what quad?
LUQ
Distal portion of ilieum is in what quad?
RLQ
Proximal portion of ileum is in what quad?
LUQ
Cecum is in what quad?
RLQ
Veriform appendix is in what quad?
RLQ
Ascending colon is in what quad?
RUQ
Right Colic flexure is in what quad?
RUQ
Left colic flexure is in what quad?
LUQ
Superior part of descending colon is in what quad?
LUQ
Inferior portion of descending colon is in what quad?
LLQ
Signmoid colon is in what quad?
LLQ
For rotation of the abdomen to the right, the _____ internal oblique will need to fire, along with the _____ external oblique.
Right internal…..Left external
The falx inguinalis is a conjoining of tendons by what two muscles?
transverse abdominus and internal oblique
What are the 4 parts of the pylorus?
antrum, canal, orifice, sphinchter
If traveling from left to right side of body, in what order is the 4 parts of the pylorus correctly situated?
Atrium, Canal, Sphinchter, Orifice
What region is the jejunum found in?
The umbilical region
What is the blood supply to the jejunum?
colic branches of the SMA
What is the parasympathetic innervation to the jejunum?
Posterior vagal trunks
The ileum and jejunum are roughly 6-7 meters long. Which portion is longer of the two?
Ileum
What is the blood supply to the Ileum?
Colic branches of the SMA
The esophagus enters the stomach at the level of which thoracic vertebra?
T10
Which digestive structure has less complicated arcades?
jejunem
Which digestive structure has shorter vasa recta?
Ileum
Which digestive structure has smaller “clear windows”?
Ileum
Which digestive structure has less encroaching fat in the mesentery?
Jejunem
_______ taenia are present anteriorly in the transverse colon.
Omental
The cecum is Retro/Intra?
Retro
The veriform appendix is Retro/intra?
Intra
The ascending colon is Retro/intra?
Retro
The transverse colon is Retro/intra?
Intra
The sigmoid colon is Retro/Intra?
Intra
Are the caudate lobe and quadrate lobe housed in the right or left lobe of the liver?
Left
The falciform ligament connects the liver to the _____ _____.
Rectus sheath
The coronary ligament connects the liver to what?
The diaphragm
The portal triad consists of what three structures?
Bile duct
Portal Vein
Hepatic Artery
The blood supply to the liver is the _____ artery from the hepatic artery
cystic
The superior portion of the duodenum lies anterolateral to what vertebrae?
L1
The descending portion of the duodenum descends to the right of L_-L_ vertebra.
L1-L3
The horizontal section of the duodenum crosses the level of what vertebrae?
L3
The ascending part of duodenum sits to the left of L_.
L3
Which portion of the duodenum has a mesentery?
The superior portion
The ligament of treitz has what function?
Controls the amount of flow of food we have into the jejunem.
Blood supply of the rectum and anal canal is provided by what?
Rectal branches of IMA as well as the middle/inferior rectal artery
Is the external sphincter voluntary?
Yes
Is the internal sphincter voluntary?
No
Is Anal sinus mucous is secreted in the internal or external sphincter?
Internal
What is the function of glucagon in the pancreas?
It mobilizes hepatic glycogen
What portion of the pancreas is most superior?
The tail
The body of the pancreas has a groove for what blood vessel to pass?
SMA
What portion of pancreas has contact with hilem
The tail
Is the pancreas retro or intra?
Retro
Which one (sup/inf/middle) is connected directly to the aorta?
Middle supra renal artery
The outside fascia of the spermatic cord arises from the fascia of what muscle?
The external oblique
The deep inhumanly ring is going to be found in the ________ fascia
Transversalis
Direct hernia passes _______ in relation to epigastric arteries, whereas indirect hernia passes ________ in relation to epigastric arteries.
Direct-medial
Indirect-lateral