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MRCS anatomy - Part A > Abdomen: Viscera > Flashcards

Abdomen: Viscera Flashcards

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1
Q

Innervation of peritoneum

A

Parietal: spinal somatic fibres: localised pain

Visceral: visceral afferents: referred pain

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2
Q

Greater sac and lesser sac (omental bursa)

A

Greater sac contains most of the abdomen

Lesser sac: posterior to stomach and liver

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3
Q

Omental epiploic foramen

A

Joins lesser sac to greater sac

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4
Q

Structures anterior to omental (epiploic) foramen

A

Portal vein

Hepatic artery proper

Bile duct

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5
Q

Structures posterior to epiploic foramen

A

inferior vena cava

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6
Q

Structures inferior to epiploic foraman

A

1st part of duodenum

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7
Q

Structures superior to epiploic foraman

A

caudate lobe of liver

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8
Q

Greater omentum

A

Greater curvature of stomach

Drapes down anterior to transverse colon, ileum and jejunum

Loops back up and joins transverse colon peritoneum

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9
Q

Lesser omentum

A

Lesser curvature of stomach to inferior liver

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10
Q

Mesenteries

A

Mesentery Proper (connect small bowel to posterior abdo wall)

Transverse mesocolon (connect transverse colon to posterior abdo wall)

Sigmoid mesocolon (connect sigmoid colon to posterior abdo wall)

https://www.tiktok.com/@guidedbiology/video/7267238841533091115

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11
Q

Mesentery Proper

A

The only double layered fold of peritoneum

connects jejunum and ileum to posterior wall

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12
Q

Structures entering through the diaphragm

A

Vena cava + right phrenic T8 [Audi Slogan - VoRsprung durch T8nik]

Oesophagus + vagus T10 [OVO]

Aorta + thoracic duct T12 [12 letters in thoracic duct]

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13
Q

Blood supply to abdominal oesophagus

A

Left gastric artery

Inferior phrenic artery

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14
Q

Different parts of stomach

A

Note: cardial notch: superior angle where oesophagus enters stomach

Angular incisure: bend on lesser curvature

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15
Q

Arterial supply of stomach

A

Left gastric (branch of coeliac trunk)

Short gastric (originate from splenic artery which is a branch of the coeliac trunk)

Gastro-epiploic arcade (vascular network formed by left and right gastroepiploic arteries along greater curvature of stomach)

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16
Q

Parts of duodenum

A

Superior

Descending

Inferior

Ascending

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17
Q

Duodenum intra or extraperitoneal

A

First part: intra peritoneal

Rest: extra peritoneal

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18
Q

Blood supply to duodenum

A

Superior and inferior pancreatoduodenal arteries

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19
Q

Difference between the appearance of ileum and jejunum

A

Jejunum:

  • longer vasa recta, smaller arcade
  • Larger calibre.
  • Darker
  • less mesenteric fat
  • Deeper valvulae conniventes

Ilieum:

  • smaller vasa recta, more developed arcade.
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20
Q

Source of bleeding from a deudonal ulcer

A

Posterior wall

Pancreatodeudonal artery

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21
Q

Different positions of appendix

A

Retrocaecal 74%

Pelvic 21%

Pre and Postileal

Sub and Paracaecal

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22
Q

Identification of appendix during surgery

A

Caecal taenia coli converge at base of appendix and form a longitudinal muscle cover over the appendix.

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23
Q

Blood supply to appendix

A

Appendicular artery (branch of ileo-colic artery)

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24
Q

Colon, intra or retroperitoneal

A

Appendix and caecum: intra

Ascending: retro

Transverse: intra

Descending: retro

Sigmoid: intra

Rectum: (distally) retro

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25
Arterial supply of colon
Ascending: ilio-colic and right colic (joined by marginal artery) Transverse: middle colic Descending: Inferior mesenteric artery (left colic)
26
Arterial supply of rectum
Superior rectal artery (IMA) Middle rectal artery (internal iliac) Inferior rectal artery (internal pudendal, from internal iliac)
27
Recesses around liver
Hepatorenal recess Subphrenic recess
28
What space does the hepatorenal recess communicate with
Right paracolic gutter and lesser sac
29
Is liver intra or retroperitoneal
Intra (mostly)
30
Porta hepatis content
Hepatic artery Portal vein Common hepatic bile duct
31
Blood supply to liver
Right lobe: right hepatic artery Left lobe: left hepatic artery Quadrate lobe: Left hepatic artery (anatomically part of right) Caudate: both hepatic arteries
32
Ligaments of inferior aspect of liver
Falciform ligament Left triangular ligament Right triangular ligament Anterior and posterior coronary ligaments
33
Falciform ligament
Connects umbilicus to liver Contains ligamentum teres (remnant of umbilical vein) Splits into coronary and left triangular ligaments
34
Ligamentum venosum
Remnant of ductus venosus Surgical anatomical landmark for left hepatectomy
35
Parts of gallbladder
Fundus Body Neck
36
Blood supply to gall bladder
Cystic artery (branch of right hepatc artery)
37
Pancreas parts
38
Pancreas ducts
Accessory -superior Hepatopancreatic- inferior
39
Pancreatic blood supply
Head: Inferior/superior pancreatoduodenal artery Rest: splenic artery
40
Biliary tree anatomy
41
Where does the common bile duct enter the duodenum
Posteromedial wall of the second part of the duodenum
42
Position of spleen (ribcage)
Ribs 9 -12
43
Branches of abdominal aorta
44
Coeliac axis branches
Left gastric Hepatic Splenic: branches- Pancreatic, Short Gastric, Left Gastroepiploic
45
Superior and inferior mesenteric artery branches
46
Branches of common hepatic artery
Right Gastric Gastroduodenal Superior Pancreaticoduodenal Cystic (occasionally).
47
Branches of splenic artery
Pancreatic Short Gastric Left Gastroepiploic
48
GI venous system
IMV, Short gastric and left gastro-epiploic → splenic v R gastroepiploic → SMV SMV + splenic → portal v R gastric → portal v
49
Renal anatomy
Outer cortex Inner medulla: including pyramids Papilla: apex of pyramids
50
Lymph drainage of kidneys
51
Structures in renal hilum
Anteriro to posterior VAU ("WOW") - renal vein - renal artery - ureter
52
Fascia surrounding kidneys
Gerota's fascia
53
Anatomical course of ureters
Starts in renal pelvis Descends anterior to psoas major/lateral to transverse process Crossed by gonadal vessels anteriorly, genitofemoral nerve posteriorly (testicular pain with ureteric stones) Crossed by vas (male) and uterine artery anteriorly just before entering posterolateral aspect of the bladder
54
Sites of constriction of ureters
Ureteropelvic junction Crossing common iliac at pelvic brim Entering the wall of the bladder
55
Blood supply to ureters
Upper 1/3: Renal artery Middle 1/3: testicular/ovarian/common iliac Lower 1/3: Superior vesical (internal iliac)
56
Lymph drainage of ureter
Upper- lateral aortic Middle- common iliac Lower- External and internal iliac
57
Adenal gland arterial supply
Superior suprarenal artery (inferior phrenic) Middle suprarenal artery Inferior suprarenal artery
58
Venous drainage of adrenal gland
Suprarenal vein
59
Lumbar plexus nerves
Exit in relation to psoas major: Lateral: The L's * I(L)ioinguinal (L1) * I(L)iohypogastric (L1) * Femora(L) (L2,3,4) * (L)ateral cutaneous nerve of thigh (L2,3) Medial: * obturator (L2,3,4) * Lumbosacral trunk (L4,5) Anterior: (ur genitals are at the front) * Genitofemoral (L1,2)
60
Ilio-hypogastric innervates
Internal oblique and transversus abdominis
61
Ilio-inguinal innervates
Internal oblique Transversus abdominis
62
Genitofemoral innervates
Genital branch: cremester reflex
63
Obturator innervates
Obturator externus Pectineus medial compartment
64
Femoral innervates
iliacus pectineus anterior compartment
65
Retroperitoneal viscera
SAD PUCKER Suprarenal (adrenal glands) Aorta & IVC Duodenum (2-4th parts) Pancreas Ureters Colon (descending and ascending) Kidneys Esophagus Rectum
66
Calot's triangle borders
Inferior edge of liver Common hepaticduct Cystic duct
67
Calot's triangle content
Cystic artery Right hepatic artery ?Right branch of portal vein? Lymph node of Lund (first lymph node of gall bladder) Lymphatics
68
Lymph drainage of rectum
Above dentate line: mesorectal node Below dentate line: Inguinal node
69
Structures within gastro splenic ligament
short gastric arteries
70
Which structure is anterior to portal vein
Pancreatic neck
71
What anatomical structure controls the flow of the bile into the duodenum
Sphincter of oddi (controlled through hormonal and neural innervation)

MRCS anatomy - Part A (27 decks)

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