Abdominal

Question 1

what is the preferred viewing window for gallbladder on ultrasound?

Answer 1

x-7 approach

Question 2

what is the most important portion of the gallbladder to image when concerned about cholelithiasis?

Answer 2

neck

Question 3

what are two techniques that you can use to optimize the view of the gallbladder on ultrasound?

Answer 3

left lateral decubitus and deep breath hold

Question 4

the appendix will be visualized on ultrasound on top of which artery?

Answer 4

iliac artery

Question 5

is ultrasound sensitive or specific for finding appendicitis?

Answer 5

specific, not sensitive

Question 6

on ultrasound, you find an appendix that is non compressible, >6mm in diameter with edema surrounding. what is the most likely diagnosis?

Answer 6

appendicitis

Question 7

when scanning for the appendix, you find a lumpy bumpy appearance. what is this?

Answer 7

colon - cecum

Question 8

where should you start scanning to look for an inguinal hernia?

Answer 8

femoral vein

Question 9

the inferior epigastric vessels will be located in which directions from the femoral vein?

Answer 9

superior and medial

Question 10

power doppler can be used to assess whether or not an inguinal hernia is one of what two categories?

Answer 10

incarcerated vs. strangulated

Question 11

what is the USPSTF grade B recommendation for AAA screening?

Answer 11

men 65 - 75 who have ever smoked - one time screening

Question 12

what is the cm cutoff for diagnosing AAA?

Answer 12

3cm

Question 13

According to the AHA / ACC, what secondary group should be screened for AAA?

Answer 13

everyone over the age of 65 with a first degree relative with AAA

Question 14

at what measurement of AAA does the risk rise exponentially?

Answer 14

5cm

Question 15

what is the probe of choice when performing AAA screening?

Answer 15

curvilinear

Question 16

what are the 4 sites to measure for AAA screening?

Answer 16

proximal, mid, distal and iliac bifurcation

Question 17

what is a normal size of the iliac arteries at the bifurcation?

Answer 17

< 1cm

Question 18

where should you start scanning when performing AAA screening?

Answer 18

xiphoid

Question 19

what are the 3 main branches off the aorta?

Answer 19

celiac / SMA / renal arteries

Question 20

what are the two major branches off the celiac artery?

Answer 20

hepatic artery and splenic artery

Question 21

the iliac arteries bifurcate from the aorta at what external bodily landmark?

Answer 21

umbilicus

Question 22

what are the two main shapes that AAA will take?

Answer 22

fusiform and saccular

Question 23

what is the acoustic window being used when evaluating the proximal aorta?

Answer 23

left lobe of the liver

Question 24

at what two portions of the aorta is plaque most common?

Answer 24

distal aorta and iliac bifurcation

Question 25

in a normal size liver, the left lobe extends to what extent medially?

Answer 25

midline

Question 26

describe why the liver slides over the kidney during inspiration when viewed under ultrasound?

Answer 26

liver - intraperitoneal kidney - retroperitoneal

Question 27

how many hepatic veins enter the IVC?

Answer 27

three

Question 28

what are the general ultrasound findings in cirrhosis?

Answer 28

small liver with increased echogenecity

Question 29

what are the grades of fatty liver on ultrasound?

Answer 29

grade 1 - more echogenic, intrahepatic vessels and diaphragm are visible grade 2- less visible vessels / diaphragm grade 3- liver is very echogenic, vessel borders, diaphragm are not well seen

Question 30

what are the two general patterns of increased echogenecity within the liver?

Answer 30

diffuse or patchy

Question 31

what are the two areas you should assess in the LUQ for free fluid/hemoperitoneum?

Answer 31

above the spleen and below the diaphragm and below the spleen and above the kidney

Question 32

in general, what are the three areas to scan to look for free fluid in the peritoneal cavity?

Answer 32

Morrison's pouch, splenorenal recess, and retrovesical