Abdominal

Question 1

What is a bulge of cortical tissue on the lateral surface of the kidney called?

Answer 1

Dromedary hump

Question 2

What is infantile polycystic kidney disease also known as?

Answer 2

Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD)

Question 3

What does the sphincter of Oddi surround?

Answer 3

The common bile duct and pancreatic duct at the ampulla of Vater

Question 4

Where are renal pyramids found?

Answer 4

In the medulla of the kidney

Question 5

True or False: Polycythemia vera can cause splenomegaly.

Answer 5

True

Question 6

True or False: Splenomegaly may be caused by an inflammatory process or portal vein thrombosis.

Answer 6

True

Question 7

What is the inflammation process of the gallbladder called?

Answer 7

Cholecystitis

Question 8

In which part of the body is the spleen located?

Answer 8

In the left hypochondrium

Question 9

What is the most common benign tumor of the spleen?

Answer 9

Hemangioma

Question 10

What surrounds the renal corpuscle?

Answer 10

Bowman’s capsule

Question 11

What is splenic agenesis?

Answer 11

Congenital absence of the spleen

Question 12

What is a useful landmark for locating the gallbladder?

Answer 12

MHV, it lies in the same anatomic plane

Question 13

What is the origin of a simple renal cyst?

Answer 13

Unknown

Question 14

What disease is characterized by bilateral enlarged kidneys with multiple cysts?

Answer 14

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD)

Question 15

True or False: The most common cause of diffuse splenic lesions is splenic infarction.

Answer 15

True

Question 16

The spleen is part of which system?

Answer 16

Reticuloendothelial

Question 17

How long is the cystic duct?

Answer 17

About 4 centimeters long

Question 18

What generally lies in an oblique pathway in the posterior left upper quadrant?

Answer 18

The spleen

Question 19

Where is Morison’s pouch located?

Answer 19

Anterior to the right kidney

Question 20

What is the most common renal fusion called?

Answer 20

Horseshoe kidney

Question 21

List 3 alternative scanning plans for scanning the kidney.

Answer 21

• RLO
• LLD
• RLD

Question 22

Where is the portal vein located in relation to the CBD?

Answer 22

Just posterior to the CBD

Question 23

What does the infundibulum form?

Answer 23

Hartman’s pouch

Question 24

What is choledocholithiasis?

Answer 24

Formation of calcium stones in the common bile duct

Question 25

What is the most probable diagnosis if the ultrasound demonstrates an isolated inhomogeneous mass with small hypoechoic areas in an asymptomatic patient?

Answer 25

Hemangioma

Question 26

Describe typical findings with chronic kidney disease.

Answer 26

* Diffusely echogenic kidneys * Loss of normal anatomy * Kidney is small

Question 27

Describe typical findings with medullary sponge kidneys.

Answer 27

* Asymptomatic * Right kidney demonstrates hyperechoic calyces * No stones visualized

Question 28

What is hydronephrosis and how does it appear?

Answer 28

Hydronephrosis is the dilation of the renal pelvis and calyces due to obstruction of urine flow. On ultrasound, it appears as fluid-filled spaces within the kidney with possible cortical thinning in severe cases.

Question 29

How do you recognize splenic infarction?

Answer 29

* Wedge-shaped hypoechoic or echogenic areas in the spleen * Absence of color Doppler flow in the affected area

Question 30

How do you recognize kidney stones?

Answer 30

* Hyperechoic foci with posterior acoustic shadowing * Twinkling artifact on Doppler ultrasound * Possible hydronephrosis if causing obstruction