Abdominal 2016 Prac

Question 1

The adult liver is considered to be enlarged after the AP diameter exceeds what
measurement?

Answer 1

15cm

Question 2

Carcinoma of the prostate gland most commonly develops in what zone of the
prostate?

Answer 2

Peripheral

Question 3

What is the equation required to calculate the volume of the bladder?

Answer 3

L x W x H x 0.52

Question 4

Name the two (2) types of ascites

Answer 4

transudate & exudate

Question 5

A decrease in haematocrit is consistent with the development of what abdominal wall
pathology?

Answer 5

abdominal wall hematoma

Question 6

A 46 year old female patient presents to the ultrasound department, complaining of
right flank pain and dysuria. Upon ultrasound investigation a generalised swelling of the kidney is demonstrated and the medullary pyramids appear well defined. This is most suspicious of which pathology?

Answer 6

Pyelonephritis

Question 7

The thickness of a normal gallbladder wall should NOT exceed what measurement?

Answer 7

3mm

Question 8

What is the most common location for a spenunculus?

Answer 8

Just medial to the splenic hilum

Question 9

The splenic artery is a branch of what vascular structure?

Answer 9

Celiac axis

Question 10

What is the name given to the sensitivity test of the gallbladder where probe pressure is applied and causes a pain response?

Answer 10

positive murphy’s sign

Question 11

What verbal grading of hydronephrosis would the, ‘Bear Claw effect,’ describe?

Answer 11

moderate

Question 12

Define the term Intussusception.

Answer 12

Is the inversion of one portion of the intestine within another

Question 13

What is the most common complication of acute pancreatitis?

Answer 13

Pseudocyst

Question 14

Name two (2) different peritoneal spaces in which free fluid will accumulate

Answer 14

Morrison’s pouch, rectouterine pouch (pouch of douglas), subphrenic space

Question 15

Define the term Lipoma

Answer 15

A neoplasm consisting of adipose tissue

Question 16

What does the acronym H.A.U.L stand for?

Answer 16

Hematoma
Ascites
Urinoma
Lymphocele

Question 17

A rounded lymph node that does not demonstrate an echogenic hilus and measures 13mm in short axis is more likely to be benign or malignant?

Answer 17

Maligant

Question 18

What is omental cake?

Answer 18

Is an abnormally thickened greater ometum

Question 19

Name two (2) LFT’s.

Answer 19

Bilirubin, Albumin, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, prothrombin time

Question 20

What is the name of the recess located between the right kidney and the right liver?

Answer 20

Morrison’s pouch

Question 21

What is considered the upper limit measurement for a portal vein?

Answer 21

12-15mm

Question 22

What is another name for the pancreatic duct?

Answer 22

Duct of Wirsung

Question 23

What ultrasonic instrumentation would you initiate to visualize ureteric jets?

Answer 23

Power Doppler

Question 24

What is a pseudoaneurysm?

Answer 24

Is a false aneurysm, does not contain 3 layers, rather it is a dilation of the artery wall confined to 2 layers, caused by trauma to the artery

Question 25

``` Name two (2) ultrasound controls that will decrease the appearance of artefactual echoes seen within the IVC. ```

Answer 25

Time gain compensation, Tissue Harmonic Imaging

Question 26

What sort of a reflector is the diaphragm?

Answer 26

Specular reflector

Question 27

What diameter must a AAA measure, to be considered for surgical opinion?

Answer 27

4-5cm in diameter

Question 28

Name the tongue-like anatomical variant of the right lobe of the liver that is seen as an inferior projection near the right kidney.

Answer 28

Reidels lobe

Question 29

What is the name given to the technique, whereby the patient is requested to, ‘bear down,’ to raise their intra-abdominal pressure?

Answer 29

Valsva manoeuvre

Question 30

The rectus abdominis muscles are located either side of what fibrous structure?

Answer 30

Linear alba

Question 31

What does the acronym F.A.S.T stand for in the FAST Scan?

Answer 31

Focussed assessment in sonography trauma

Question 32

Name the two different peritoneal membranes.

Answer 32

Visceral & parietal

Question 33

What is a paracentesis?

Answer 33

Is the therapeutic or diagnostic drainage of acidic fluid from the peritoneal space

Question 34

Define a urinoma

Answer 34

Is an encapsulated collection of urine

Question 35

What is the most anterior portion of the pancreas?

Answer 35

Body

Question 36

What is another name for segment one (1) of the liver?

Answer 36

Caudate lobe

Question 37

Name the two major zones of the prostate gland.

Answer 37

Peripheral (70%) & central (25%)

Question 38

What is the pathological name for the separation of the layers of the aortic wall by blood or haemorrhage which is displayed sonographically as a linear echogenic flap within the arterial lumen?

Answer 38

Aortic dissection

Question 39

What is the most common malignant tumour of the urinary bladder?

Answer 39

Transitional Cell Carcinoma

Question 40

What is hepatofugal flow?

Answer 40

Is blood flow in a vessel travelling away from the liver

Question 41

What is a bladder diverticulum?

Answer 41

Is an outpouching of the bladder wall due to weakness in the bladder wall

Question 42

What is BPH?

Answer 42

Benign prostatic hyperplasia

Question 43

Which vessel is located directly posterior to the pancreatic body and is surrounded by an echogenic ring on ultrasound?

Answer 43

Super mesenteric artery

Question 44

What does Post Prandial Mean?

Answer 44

After eating

Question 45

What is the name of the blood marker used to diagnose prostatic cancer?

Answer 45

Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)

Question 46

What is the name of an enlarged spleen?

Answer 46

Splenomegaly

Question 47

Crohn’s Disease primarily affects young adults and affects what anatomic region?

Answer 47

Ileum

Question 48

Which anatomical location is utilized to test for rebound tenderness of appendicitis?

Answer 48

LRQ of abdomen

Question 49

What is a porcelain gallbladder?

Answer 49

Is the calcification of the GB wall

Question 50

The diameter of a normal adult appendix should not exceed what measurement?

Answer 50

<6mm from outer to outer wall