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Fall-Anatomy Year 1 > Abdominal Cavity > Flashcards

Abdominal Cavity Flashcards

(93 cards)

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1
Q

common bile duct

formed by

A

cystic duct from gall bladder
hepatic duct from liver

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2
Q

parts of stomach

A

superior= fundus
cardiac portion (to the R of fundus portion, small)
body
inferior= pylorus

lesser curvature = medial
greater curvature = lateral

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3
Q

Left to right

A

Superior duodenum
Horizontal duodenum
Ascending duodenum (first part of sm intestine)

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4
Q

Left to Right

A

Pancreas
Head > body > tail

Deep to stomach

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5
Q

greater omentum

A

aka fatty apron
derived from dorsal mesentary (even tho it’s ventral)

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6
Q

smobile parts of large intestine

A

transverse
sigmoid ( > rectum > anus)

rest of large intestine attached to body wall

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7
Q

flow thru large intestine

structurally

A

ascending colon
right/hepatic colic flexure
transverse
left/splenic colic flexure
descending colon
sigmoid colon

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8
Q

small intestine

structures

A

duodenum
jejunum
ileum

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9
Q

meeting of ileum and ascending colon

A

caecum
pouch like
vermiform appendix comes off

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10
Q

large intestine

structure

A

taenia coli= muscular band thru middle
haustra= bubbles/pouches separated by semilunar compartments
epiploic appendices = fat pouches hang off

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11
Q

intraperitoneal organs

mesenteric relations

A

stomach, first and last duodenum, gall bladder, transverse colon, jejunum, ileum, sigmoid colon, appendix

only attched to body wall via dorsal mesentary move freely

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12
Q

secondarily retroperitoneal organs

mesenteric relations

A

ascending and descending colon, pancreas, middle duodenum

started mobile then got stuck behind body wall

pussy cat dolls

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13
Q

primary retroperitoneal organs

A

aorta, kidneys
thoracic esophagus, rectum, anal canal
started and stayed behind body wall

at the beginning and end of digestive tract
everything b/t started free

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14
Q

gut divisions

A

foregut
midgut
hindgut

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15
Q

foregut

A

esophagus > 1st part duodenum
aka initial digestion
blood from celiac trunk

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16
Q

midgut

A

duodenum > 2/3 transverse colon
aka most of intestines
blood from superior mesenteric artery

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17
Q

hindgut

A

last 1/3 transverse colon > anus
end of digestion
blood from inferior mesenteric artery

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18
Q

branches of celiac trunk

foregut

A

to the R: common hepatic (liver)
to the L: L. gastric (lesser curve) and splenic (spleen)

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19
Q

branches of common hepatic

foregut

A

gastrodeuodenal (behind stomach and duo) > superior pancreaticoduodenal (pan and duo) and R. gastro-omental (greater curver)

R gastric (lesser curve)
proper hepatic > R and L hepatic
R hepatic > cystic

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20
Q

branches from splenic artery

A

L. gastro-omental (greater curve)

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21
Q

foregut anastomoses

A

R and L gastrics in lesser curve
R and L gastro-omental in greater

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22
Q

branches of superior mesenteric

midgut

A

to the L: lots of intestinal arteries

to the R: inferior pancreaticodeodenal, R colic (lg intestine), marginal (more lateral), middle colic, ileocolic (down to junction)

vasa rectae: straight vessels, off of marginal and intestinal
arcades: loops off of intestinal

marginal very important for collateral circulation

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23
Q

branches of inferior mesenteric

hindgut

A

L colic
sigmoid
superior rectal

L colic joines with marginal

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24
Q

rectum/anal circulation

A

inferior, middle rectal arteries from internal iliac artery
for collateral circulation

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25
general portal vein flow
portal = 2 capillary beds 1. gut (cap 1) 2. liver (cap 2) 3. heart
26
hepatic portal vein flow
splenic + inferior mesenteric + superior mesenteric > hepatic portal vein > hepatic vein > inferior vena cava > heart
27
rectum/anal venous flow
inferior rectal middle rectal internal iliac common iliac (internal + external) inferior vena cava | alcohol thru rectum not detoxed by liver
28
hepatic portal tributaries
esophageal paraumbilical rectal retroperitoneal | if backed up = portal hypertension
29
esophageal varices
build up of venous blood look like beads can burst and drown people
30
rectum hemorrhoids
internal or external to anus only external from portal hypertension | same thing as varices just called different
31
caput medusae
build up in umbilical region looks like snakes under skin
32
foregut innervations | sympathetics
T5-9 sympathetic chain > greater splanchnic nerve > synapse in celiac ganglia > target organs via branches of celiac trunk | visceral afferent also sympathetic (pressure, chemoreceptor)
33
foregut innervations | parasympathetic
vagus C10 celiac plexus > celiac trunk follow > synapse in ganglia in gut plexus > short post synaptic fibers > target organ
34
midgut innervations | sympathetic
T10-T12 sympathetic trunk > lesser splanchnic (10-11) or least splanchnic (12) > synapse @ superior mesenteric ganglion > branches of SMA > organs
35
midgut innervations | parasympathetic
vagus SM plexus > SMA branches > synapse @ ganglia in gut plexus > short post syn fibers > target organ | same as foregut
36
hindgut innervations | sympathetics
L1-2 sympathetic trunk > lumbar splanchnic nerves > synapse @ inferior mesenteric ganglion > IMA branches> target organ
37
hindgut innervation | parasympathetic
S2-4 pelvic splanchnic nerves > IMA branches > synapse @ ganglia in gut plexus > short post synaptic fibers > target organs
38
spaces in abdominal cavity
greater sac (taken up by liver) lesser sac (behind liver and stomach) epiploic foramen (opening to lesser) | basically all potential spaces since things take up space
39
lesser omentum
remnant of ventral mesentary contains 2 ligaments: 1. hepatogastric (liver > stomach) 2. hepatoduodenal (liver > duo)
40
splenic ligaments
from dorsal mesentary lienorenal (spleen > body wall) gastrosplenic (stomach > spleen)
41
dorsal mesointestine
aka frilly skirt from dorsal mesentary connect small intestine > body wall
42
dorsal mesentary of large intestines
transverse mesocolon sigmoid mesocolon dorsal mesocolon (most of attachment for secondary retroperitoneal organs)
43
liver | structure
right and left lobes split by falciform ligament ligamentum teres inside falciform coronary ligament on crown/top bare area @ superior-posterior portion | bare area target for infections to reach gut cavity
44
falciform ligament
remnant of ventral mesentary connects liver to ventral body wall
45
esophagus
muscular organ to move food has circlular and longitudinal muscles to squeeze and push down
46
stomach | functions
1. reservoir for food 2. digestive process, main aka mechanically churn food/liquid/saliva very acidic HCl secretions digest proteins propel chyme into duodenum
47
stomach | structure
circular and longitudinal muscle layers gastric folds inside to inc surface area when full superior > inferior: cardiac zone (closest to esophagus) gastric and fundic zones pyloric zone (closest to duodenum)
48
hiatal hernias
sliding: less severe, just monitor if will slide down into stomach paraesophageal: stuck above diaphragm in lung cavity, needs surgery
49
function of small intestine
1. mix food w/ dig enzymes and secretions acid neutralized in duodenum, fats digested, carbs digested with pancreatic amylase 2. absorbs nutrients/electrolytes/water iron @ duodenum, vitamin B12 in ileum 3. moves digesta to colon
50
small intestine | structure
ampulla of duodenum w/ Brunner's glands for acid neutralization circular folds/valves of kerckring to inc SA papillas- minor (pancreas only) and major (bile and pancreas secretions)
51
jejunum | small intestine
reddish from inc blood flow thicker walls less fat that does NOT lay on intestines -plicae circulares/valves of kerckring to inc SA are larger and more freq arcades (loopy) and vasa rectae longer
52
ileum | small intestine
pinkish thinner walls more fat that lays on intestines plicae circulares sparser many arcades and shorter vasa rectae has lymphoid nodules
53
large intestine | function
absorb water and electrolytes produces bacterial digestion (vitamin K) and biotin (hair production) moves/stores/evac stool
54
appendix
appendicitis can variate (if too high mistaken for gall bladder issue) or situs inversus
55
rectum
where feces stored before evac muscles: internal anal spincter (involuntary) external anal sphincter (3 parts) voluntary pectinate line: where endo/ectoderm fuse ectoderm (below line) has nociception but not endoderm (above line) so might not feel problems
56
liver | main functions
protein synthesis bile production/secretion carb metabolism/storage detoxification is highly regenerative
57
liver | lobes
left lobe right lobe caudate lobe (next to IVC) quadrate lobe (b/t gall bladder and falciform lig) bare area (no visceral mesentary)
58
porta hepatis | contents
hepatic portal vein + proper hepatic artery + common bile duct | portal triad
59
gall bladder | function
bile storage/concenration/release doesn't synthesize anything
60
bile flow
gall bladder cystic duct common bile duct sphincter of oddi (gets clogged w/ stones) major duodenal papilla deuodenum
61
gall stones
treat by removing gall bladder location matters: if in cystic duct bile still from liver, if in common bile duct then block all bile flow
62
pancreas | function
1. synthesize/secrete enzymes for breakdown organic parts of food juice (proteases, lipases, nucleases, amylase) 2. pancreatic juices delivered to duodenum 3. endocrine function produces/regulates via blood stream insulin, glucagon
63
pancreatic ducts
main pancreatic duct (body and tail) accessory pancreatic duct (head) drain to sphincter of oddi w/ common bile
64
spleen | functions
1. produce mature WBCs in response to antigens 2. secrete antibodies 3. destroy senescent RBC 4. recycle chemicals from destroyed RBC 5. reservoir and deploy undifferentiated monocytes | no digestive function, from mesoderm instead of endoderm
65
kidney | function
1. remove excess water, salts, blood wastes (nitrogenous) 2. return nutrients to blood 3. secrete hormones to regulate BP and production of RBCs
66
kidney | position
spans T12 to L3 R kidney is lower than L bc of liver
67
kidney fat
pararenal: outside, behind parietal peritoneum perirenal: w/i renal fascia | fibrous renal capsule deep to perirenal fat
68
contents of kidney hilum
1. renal arteries, can have many -inferior suprarenal branch off 2. renal vein 3. renal pelvis > ureter
69
kidney lobes | structure
cortex on outside medulla /pyramids connecting to renal papilla minor calicies from each lobe drain to major calices drain to renal pelvis
70
kidney innervation
sympathetics T10-L1 some sources say no parasympathetics
71
suprarenal/adrenal gland
outer cortex = corticosteroids, androgens inner adrenal medulla = fight or flight, norepinephrine and epinephrine
72
suprarenal gland | blood supply
superior suprarenal from inferior phrenic middle suprarenal from aorta inferior suprarenal from renal artery
73
diaphragm openings
1. caval for IVC 2. esophagus and vagal trunks 3. aorta and thoracic duct | I 8 (ate) 10 eggs at 12 (noon)
74
diaphragm | other muscles
central tendon from septum transversum right crus- wraps around esophagus left crus- attaches to central tendon
75
diaphragm innervation
motor: phrenic C3,4,5 sensory: phrenic, intercostal T5-11, subcostal T12
76
diaphragm | ligaments
lateral arcuate= over quadratus lumborum medial arcuate= arches over psoas major and minor median arcuate = arch over aorta
77
posterior wall muscles
1. psoas major 2. psoas minor 3. quadratus lumborum 4. iliacus
78
psoas major
L1-3 attaches to lesser trochanter of femur thigh flexion, side flexion
79
psoas minor
L1 attaches to pubic bone side flexion some people don't have
80
quadratus lumborum
T12 + L1-4 attaches to iliac crest back extension aka back bend
81
iliacus
L2-4 attaches to lesser trochanter femur like psoas major thigh flexion *stabilize hips in motion*
82
posterior wall innervations | long list
1. iliohypogastric L1 (umbilical>ilium) 2. iliolinguinal L1 (scrotum/labia) 3. genitofemoral L1-2 (cremaster) -pierces psoas major 4. lateral femoral cutaneous L2-3 (skin of lateral thigh) -runs over iliacus 5. femoral L2-4 (quads/anterior skin thigh) -lateral/under psoas major, iliacus 6. lumbosacral trunk L4-5 (no direct innervations, joins with sacral to form sciatic) 7. obturator L2-4 (thigh ADductors) -medial to psoas major
83
subcostal | innervations
T12 ext. oblique, skin anterolateral abdom wall
84
iliohypogastric
L1 abdom muscles and overlying skin
85
iliolinguinal
L1 skin of inguinal and pubic regions
86
genitofemoral
L1-2 skin below inguinal ligament and cremaster
87
lateral femoral cutaneous
L2-3 anterolateral skin of thigh
88
femoral
L2-4 iliacus, hip flexors, knee extensors, skin of ant leg
89
obturator
L2-4 thigh adductors, skin of medial thigh
90
lumbosacral trunk
L4-5 becomes part of sciatic nerve
91
aortic aneurysm
common @ split of common iliac arteries bc cholesterol sticks = pressure build up in aorta
92
lumbar arteries
off aorta 4 pairs same as intercostal basically
93
gonadal artery
off aorta can be testicular or ovarian

Fall-Anatomy Year 1 (17 decks)

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