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Fall-Anatomy Year 1 > Pelvis > Flashcards

Pelvis Flashcards

1
Q

pelvic inlet

aka brim

A

divided by pectineal line of pubis > arcuate line of ilium and sacral promontory

above line = greater pelvis/false pelvis
below line= lesser pelvis/true pelvis

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2
Q

joints

A
  1. sacroiliac (synovial)
  2. lumbosacral w/ IV disc
  3. sacrococcygeal w/ IV
  4. pubic symphysis

other joints are fibrocartilaginous or secondary cartilaginous

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3
Q

ligaments

A
  1. sacrotuberous
    sacrum > IT
  2. sacrospinous
    sacrum > ischial spine
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4
Q

ligaments function

A

prevent anteroinferior displacement of superior sacrum

convert greater and lesser sciatic notches > foramina

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5
Q

differences

female

A

inlet = more round/oval
canal = short w/ parallel walls
IT and IS = everted
greater sciatic notch and pubic arch = broader
sacrum = short and broad

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6
Q

differences

male

A

inlet = heart shaped
canal = long and funnel shaped
IT and Is = not everted, in the way
greater sciatic notch and pubic arch = narrow
sacrum = long and narrow

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7
Q

muscles - lateral

A

1.obturator internus lined by** membrane** that forms medial tendinous arch

lesser pelvis > thru lesser sciatic foramen > femur greater trochanter

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8
Q

muscles - posterior

A

piriformis

sacrum in lesser pelvis> greater sciatic foramen > femur greater trochanter

bed for sacral nerve plexus

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9
Q

muscles - pelvic floor

A

aka pelvic diaphragm = levator ani + coccygeus

support viscera (esp when inc intraab pressure)

aid voluntary control of urination of fecal continence

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10
Q

levator ani

A

three parts:
1.puborectalis (medial)- sling from pubis around rectum, maintains fecal continence
2.pubococcygeus= pubis and teninous arch > cocyx
3.iliococcygeus - tendinous arch and IS > blends w/ pubococcygeus

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11
Q

coccygeus

ischiococcygeus

A

IS > occygeus/sacrum

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12
Q

urinary system

A

transport urine from kidneys to bladder
-store urine
-transfer urine to outside world

kidneys considered abdominal organs not pelvic

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13
Q

ureters

function

A

retroperitoneal muscular tubes transport urine from kidneys to posterosuperior bladder

enter bladder obliquely, flap valves form so contractions of bladder like sphincters to precent reflux

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14
Q

ureters

sex differences

A

female = ureters MEDIAL to uterine arteries origins,

male = ductus deferens b/t ureters and peritoneum
-ductus crosses ureter

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15
Q

ureters arterial supply

A

female= uterine arteries

male = inferior vesicular arteries

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16
Q

ureters innervation

A

nearby autonomic plexuses aka
renal, aortic, superior/inferior hypogastrics

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17
Q

bladder

A

temporary reservoir for urine

@ lesser pelvis in adults and extend to umbilicus
or in abdomen for children

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18
Q

bladder parts

A

apex- anterosuperior aspect
fundus- posterior wall
body- area b/t apex and fundus
neck- for constriction
trigone- triangle b/t ureteric and urethral openings (can project in older men = uvula)

walls made of detrusor muscle

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19
Q

bladder

sex differences

A

female: muscles of neck cont w/ urethra’s muscle

male: muscle of bladder neck cont w/ prostate fibromuscular tissue (fibers form involuntary internal urethral sphincter)

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20
Q

urethra

A

muscular tube from bladder to outside world

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21
Q

urethra female

A

descends anterior to vagina

urine exit via external urethral orifice

glands adj to urethra

22
Q

urethra male

A

longer and more complex

2 curves in flaccid penis vs. 1 in erect

parts:
1. preprostatic: neck of bladder to prostate
2. prostatic: w/i prostate, gently curves
3. intermediate/membranous: short, narrow, least distensible, thru external sphincter, things get stuck
4. spongy; longest, ends at external orifice of glans penis

membranous and spongy in perineum not pelvis

23
Q

prostatic urethra

A

urethral crest w/ median ridge

seminal colliculus= rounded eminence w/ utricle (cul de sac remnant of uterovaginal canal)

opening of ejaculatory (in seminal colliculus) and prostatic ducts (lateral to seminal colliculus)

24
Q

reproductive system

female

A

ovaries + uterine tubes + uterus + vagina

25
ovaries
house glands release ova
26
uterine tubes
parts: 1. infundibulum (funnel shaped w/ fimbrae) 2. ampulla (widest, longest) 3. isthmus (entering uterine horns) 4. uterine part (short segment in uterine wall)
27
uterus
body- upper 2/3 1. fundus- superior to uterine tube 2. uterine horns- entrance of tubes 3. isthmus- constricted region superior to cervix cervix- neck 1. internal os- opening to uterus 2. external os- opening to vagina
28
ligaments | female reproduction
1. ovarian (ovary-uterus @ posteroinferior to uterotubal junction) 2. round/ ligamentum teres (uterus to labia majora @anteroinferior to uterotubal junction) 3. broad (mesentary of uterus)
29
subdivisions of broad ligament
1. suspensory- conveys ovarian vessels, lymphatics, nerves 2. mesovarium- suspend ovary 3. mesoalpinx- suspend uterine tube 4. mesomentrium-suspend most of uterus
30
vagina
musculomembranous tube from cervix >vestibule compressed via external urethral sphincter + bulbospongiosus surrounds cervix so superior part called fornix (anterior, posterior, lateral)
31
vagina | innervation
lower 1/4 = deep perineal branch of pudendal, somatic upper 3/4 = autonomic
32
male reproductive system
testes + epididymis + ductus deferens + seminal vesicles + ejaculatory duct + prostate + bulbourethral glands
33
ductus deferens
continuation of duct of epididymis has ampulla joins seminal vesicle = ejaculatory duct | seminal = paired glands secrete thick fluid into duct
34
ejaculatory ducts
seminal vesicle duct + ductus deferens converge upon seminal colliculus of prostatic urethra > descend thru posterior prostate
35
prostate
accessory gland for male reprod has prostatic urethra w/ lobes (ant, post, middle, lat) AND ducts that empty into sinuses on sides of colliculus
36
bulbourethral glands
small glands secrete during sexual arousal @posterolateral to membranous urethra ducts open into spongy urethra in bulb penis | semen is mix of testes, seminal vesicles, prostate, bulbo glands
37
periotenal reflections
1. extraperitoneal/subperitoneal- outside or below peritoneal cavity, most pelvic viscera 2. primarily retroperitonal (PRP) 3. intraperitoneal
38
primarily retroperitoneal
kidneys, ureters, rectum, anal canal, male prostate, seminal vesicles, vas deferens
39
intraperitoneal
uterus, ovaries, uterine tubes | uterus could be secondarily IP
40
spaces
1. retropubic/retzius- behind pubis, accom bladder distension 2. retrorectal- behind rectum, accom rectal expansion 3. rectovesical pouch- male, b/t bladder/prostate and rectum 4. vesicouterine pouch- female, b/t bladder and uterus 5. rectouterine pouch/douglas- b/t uterus and rectum | douglas easily accessed via posterior fornix
41
anterior vasculature
common iliac> internal iliac > 1. obturator 2. inferior gluteal 3. middle rectal 4. internal pudendal 5. inferior vesicular and superior 6. umbilical > superior vesicular 7. uterine > vaginal | O I MIIS U, UV
42
posterior vasculature
common iliac>internal iliac> 1. iliolumbar 2. lateral sacral 3. superior gluteal | PILS
43
vasculature general
1. internal iliac 2. external iliac 3. gonadal arteries (testicular or ovarian) direct from aorta
44
lymphatics
inguinal nodes (superficial and deep) from lower limbs + lowest body wall and external genitalia external/internal iliac nodes from pelvis and inguinal nodes common iliac nodes from external/interal lumbar nodes from common iliac
45
nerves general
1. lumbosacral trunk (L4-5) 2. obturator (L2-4) 3. accessory obturator (L3-4) 4. sacral plexus (L4-S4) 5. coccygeal plexus (S4-5)
46
sacral plexus
1. sciatic (L4-S3) 2. pudendal (S2-4) 3. superior gluteal (L4-S1) 4. inferior gluteal (L5-S2)
47
sciatic nerve
L4-S3 -exits pelvis via greater sciatic foramen -supplies lower limb -anterior and posterior
48
pudendal
S2-4 -exit pelvis via greater sciatic then enters perineum via lesser sciatic -supply skina nd muscles of perineum, main sensory for external genitalia -anterior
49
superior gluteal
L4-S1 exit pelvis via greater sciatic supply gluteus medius + minimus + tensor fascia latae posterior division
50
inferior gluteal
L5-S2 exit pelvis via greater sciatic supply gluteus maximus posterior division
51
coccygeal plexus
small plexus from ventral rami of S4-5 + coccygeal nerves
52
sympathetics pathways
from T11-L2 4 ganglia bilaterally converge @ ganglion impar/end of trunk -thru lumbar and sacral splanchnics -synapse @ inferior mesenteric ganglion -postsynaptics thru hypogastrics (superior, R/L, inferior) -follow pelvic arteries to target organs

Fall-Anatomy Year 1 (17 decks)

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