abdominal cavity 4

Question 1

what do the kidneys do?

Answer 1

• eliminate waste of protein metabolism from blood, salts and water
• return nutrients to blood
• regulate blood pressure and RBCs

Question 2

kidney innervation

Answer 2

symp: T10 to L1
para: vagus and S2-4

Question 3

pararenal fat vs perirenal fat

Answer 3

pararenal fat-before the kidneys

peri- around kidneys

Question 4

hilum

Answer 4

where everything goes in and out of the kidney

Question 5

suprarenal (adrenal) gland

Answer 5

• on top of kidneys
• make corticosteroids and androgens (cortex)
• make epi and norepi (medulla)

Question 6

blood supply to suprarenal (adrenal) gland and where do they branch from?

Answer 6

1) superior supra renal a.-from inferior phrenic a.
2) middle suprarenal artery (from aorta)
3) inferior suprarenal (from renal a)

Question 7

what provides innervation to the suprarenal (adrenal) gland

Answer 7

medulla and cortex

Question 8

diaphragm function

Answer 8

major muscle used in inspiration

Question 9

what supplies blood to the diaphragm?

Answer 9

• superior phrenic artery-above diaphragm (off thoracic Ao)

- inferior phrenic a. below the diaphragm (off abdominal Ao)

Question 10

what innervates the diaphragm?

Answer 10

• phrenic nerve C3-5 (motor and sensory)

- intercostal nerve (sensory)

Question 11

what are the three holes in the diaphragm?

Answer 11

esophageal hiatus
aortic hiatus
vena caval hiatus

Question 12

when entering the diaphragm, what goes with what?

Answer 12

• in the esophageal hiatus- the esophagus comes in with the vagal trunk
• deep to the esophageal hiatus, the aortic hiatus allows the aorta and the thoracic duct to come thru

Question 13

what muscles wrap around the esophageal hiatus?

Answer 13

the left and right crus

Question 14

lateral arcuate ligament
medial
median

Answer 14

-line down middle of posterior abdominal wall that separates diaphragm and the quadratus lumborum
medial arcuate ligament-diaphragm and psoas major
median arcuate ligament- formed by the crus at the esophageal hiatus

Question 15

why do we get hiccups?

Answer 15

• thought to be evolutionary
• way of breathing in large amount of air (like dogs)
• help with suckling as a baby- take in lots of fluid and breath with diaphragm spasm

Question 16

psoas major
origin
insertion
innervation
action

Answer 16

o: transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae and T12-S1
i: lesser trochanter of femur
innerv: lumbar plexus-ant. branches of nerves L2-4
axn: flexes thigh, flexes vert. column laterally to balance trunk, when sitting, acts inferiorly to flex trunk

Question 17

Iliacus
origin
insertion
innervation
action

Answer 17

O: superior 2/3 of iliac fossa, ana of sacrum, and anterior sacroiliac ligments

insertion: lesser trochanter of femur and shaft inferior to it
innerv: femoral nerve L2-4
axn: flexes thigh and stabilizes hip joint; acts with psoas major

Question 18

Quadratus lumborum
origin
insertion
innervation
action

Answer 18

O: 12th rib and tips of lumbar transverse processes
Ins: iliolumbar ligament and internal lip of iliac crest
inn: ant branches of T12 and L1-4
axn: extends laterally flexes vertebral column, fixes 12 rib for inspiration

Question 19

subcostal nerves
arises:
innervates

Answer 19

arises: T12
innervates: external oblique muscle and skin of anterolateral abdominal wall

Question 20

Lumbar spinal nerves
arises:
innervates

Answer 20

arises: L1-5
innervates: posterior rami- deep back muscles, skin of the back (anterior rami) skin and muscles of the most inferior trunk and lower limb

Question 21

Lumbar plexus

arises from

Answer 21

L1-L4

Question 22

Illioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerves
arises from?
innervates?

Answer 22

• arises from L1

- abdominal muscles and skin of inguinal and pubic regions

Question 23

gentitofemoral
arises-
Divides into-
innervates-

Answer 23

arises- L1-2
divides in to- genital and femoral branches
innervates- skin below inguinal ligament

Question 24

lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
arises-
innervates-

Answer 24

arises- L2 and L3

innervates- anterolateral skin of thigh

Question 25

Femoral nerve arises innervates

Answer 25

arises: L2-4 innervates: iliacus, hip flexors, knee extensors

Question 26

obturator nerve arises innervates

Answer 26

arises: L2-4 innervates: medial thigh and adductors

Question 27

accessory obturator nerve arises innervates

Answer 27

arise from L3-4 | innervates pectineus and hip joint

Question 28

lumbosacral trunk

Answer 28

joins sacral plexus and arises from L4-5

Question 29

subcostal arteries from: go:

Answer 29

from: thoracic aorta go: posterior body wall inferior to the 12th rib

Question 30

inferior phrenic arteries from: go:

Answer 30

from: abdominal Ao go: inferior surface of diaphragm and suprarenal glands (superior portion)

Question 31

renal artery from: go:

Answer 31

from: abdominal Ao go: kidneys

Question 32

suprarenal arteries from: go:

Answer 32

from: abdominal Ao go: suprarenal gland

Question 33

Gonadal arteries (testicular or ovarian) from: go:

Answer 33

from: abdominal Ao go: testes and ovaries

Question 34

lumbar arteries from: go:

Answer 34

from: abdominal Ao go: posterior abdominal wall

Question 35

median sacral from: go:

Answer 35

from: abdominal Ao go: unpaired- goes to sacrum and coccyx

Question 36

where does the abdominal aorta split? what is it split into? what do those split into?

Answer 36

- right and left common iliac arteries | - split into internal and external iliac arteries

Question 37

what is important to note about the blood coming back from the gut thru the IVC to the heart?

Answer 37

it must go thru the portal system first

Question 38

where do the left, right and middle hepatic veins come out of and empty into?

Answer 38

out of liver into IVC

Question 39

where are the right and left inferior phrenic veins coming out of and emptying into?

Answer 39

inferior portion of diaphragm and empty into IVC

Question 40

Right suprarenal vein going where? from what?

Answer 40

from the suprarenal gland to IVC

Question 41

*LEFT SUPRARENAL VEIN | going? where from?

Answer 41

going to renal vein | comes from the left suprarenal gland

Question 42

lumbar veins where is it going? where does it come from?

Answer 42

where is it going? IVC | where does it come from?posterior body wall

Question 43

right gonadal veins where is it going? where does it come from?

Answer 43

where is it going? IVC | where does it come from? right testicle or ovary

Question 44

*left gonadal veins where is it going? where does it come from?

Answer 44

where is it going? left renal vein | where does it come from? left testicle or ovary

Question 45

how can blood bypass the inferior vena cava and return to the heart if there is blockage via:

Answer 45

- superior and inferior epigastric veins - thoracoepigastric veins - epidural venous plexus