Abdominal Cavity III

Question 1

greater peritoneal sac

Answer 1

• space surrounding the spleen and stomach

- when cutting into peritoneum, cutting into this fatty layer

Question 2

lesser peritoneal sac

what does it do?

Answer 2

• space behind the stomach between the posterior body wall and the stomach
• provides mobility for the stomach

Question 3

epiploic foramen

Answer 3

space between the greater and lesser peritoneal sacs

Question 4

greater omentum

3 pts

Answer 4

fatty apron
3 pts-
gastrocolic ligament- attaches stomach to transverse colon
gastrolieneal colon-spleen to greater curvature of the stomach
gastrophrenic -connecting the stomach to diaphragm

Question 5

Lesser omentum

Answer 5

• 2 parts
• not attached to body wall
• hepatoduodenal ligament- connects liver to duodenum
• hepatogastric ligament- connects liver to stomach

Question 6

Dorsal mesointestine

Answer 6

• supports the ileum and jejunum

- think- meso is middle and it’s between the ileum and jejunum

Question 7

dorsal mesocolon

Answer 7

• connects to transverse colon
• moveable
• only part of the colon that’s intraperitoneal

Question 8

mesoappendix

Answer 8

supports appendix

connects appendix to cecum and last part of the appendix

Question 9

transverse mesocolon

Answer 9

-divides the abdominal cavity into supracolic compartment containing stomach, liver and spleen and the infracolic compartment containing small intestine and ascending and descending colon

Question 10

sigmoid mesocolon

Answer 10

supports sigmoid colon

Question 11

lienorenal ligament

Answer 11

passes from left kidney to spleen

lie = spleen

Question 12

gastrolienal ligament

Answer 12

passes from stomach to spleen

Question 13

coronary ligaments for the liver

Answer 13

• connects liver to diaphragm
• peritoneal reflections around bare area (area of liver under the coronary ligament that never gets visceral peritoneum)

Question 14

hepatorenal ligament

Answer 14

coronary ligament running between peritoneum above right kidney and liver

Question 15

falciform ligament

Answer 15

remnant of ventral mesentery connecting liver to anterior body wall

Question 16

ligamentum teres (round ligament)

Answer 16

part of the falciform ligament

remnant of the fetal umbilical vein

Question 17

what’s the great divider of the greater and lesser omentum?

Answer 17

the stomach

Question 18

what does the muscularis externa turn into in the colon?

Answer 18

taenia coli

Question 19

function of esophagus

Answer 19

tx food from mouth to stomach via peristalsis with circular and longitudinal muscle

Question 20

function of the stomach
what helps with the stomach stretching?

Answer 20

• MECHANICAL food breakdown via muscular churning
• has HCl and Pepsin that aid in process
• when food broken down, called chime
• RUGAE help with stomach stretching- wrinkles that increase surface area

Question 21

pyloris

Answer 21

part of the stomach where stomach turns into duodenum

pyloric sphincter here

Question 22

sliding versus paraesophageal hernias

Answer 22

sliding- stomach slides in and out of esophageal hiatus causing intermittent probs
paraesophageal- most of stomach in pleural cavity permanently causing breathing and digestive probs

Question 23

what is the main function of the small intestine? how does it do its job?

Answer 23

• to absorb the nutrients, electrolytes and water

- does so thru CHEMICAL breakdown of chime via secretion of bicarb to neutralize its acidity

Question 24

How are fats broken down in the duodenum?

Answer 24

-via bile made by the liver

Question 25

how are carbs broken down in the duodenum?

Answer 25

- pancreatic juices

Question 26

what part of the small intestine is responsible for absorbing iron?

Answer 26

duodenum

Question 27

what part of the small intestine is responsible for absorbing vitamin B12?

Answer 27

ileum

Question 28

were does most absorption happen in the small intestine

Answer 28

jejunum

Question 29

what are the major and minor duodenal papilla and how are they different?

Answer 29

major- where pancreatic juices and bile are secreted | minor- only pancreatic juices

Question 30

plicae circularis

Answer 30

pleats in the duodenum that allow for increase in surface area and thus increase in absorption

Question 31

function of large intestine

Answer 31

1) absorb water and remaining salts - bacteria there synthesize vitamins (vit k) 2) moves, stores, and evaculates feces

Question 32

plicae semilunaris

Answer 32

- like plicae circularis | - increase surface area for abs. of water

Question 33

appendix basic fxn

Answer 33

-have lymphoid cells that help with immune response

Question 34

rectum

Answer 34

stores feces until ready to go

Question 35

function of liver

Answer 35

- detox - bile prdxn - protein synthesis - metabolism of carbs and metabolite storage

Question 36

what are the four lobes of the liver?

Answer 36

right- biggest left- super small caudate lobe- near the IVC quadrate lobe- lower part of liver on other side of the gall bladder from the right lobe

Question 37

bare area of the liver is at what lobe?

Answer 37

right

Question 38

where does the round ligament come off of? and what is it again?

Answer 38

the liver between the left lobe and quadrate lobe

Question 39

porta hepatis

Answer 39

-"portal" by which vessels come in -round area in center of liver where 3 things are: portal vein, hepatic artery and the bile duct (that leads to the gall bladder)

Question 40

portal vein- how does circulation work?

Answer 40

- carries oxygen poor, nutrient rich blood from the gut - blood runs thru the lobules of the liver where nutrients can be extracted and blood can be detoxified before it drains into the CENTRAL VEIN and goes back toward the heart via the HEPATIC VEIN

Question 41

Gall bladder innervated by? blood supply via?

Answer 41

- celiac plexus and some phrenic - blood supply- via cystic artery and right hepatic artery (helpful: right is larger thus it makes sense why that artery would supply gall bladder too)

Question 42

function of gall bladder

Answer 42

stores and concentrates bile- that's why it's green!

Question 43

common bile duct

Answer 43

where the liver sends bile thru to get to the gall bladder for storage- goes thru cystic duct to get there also bile leaves cystic duct and goes thru common bile to get out into the duodenum via the MAJOR duodenal papilla

Question 44

gall stones become a problem when...

Answer 44

they come out and become lodged into the common bile duct

Question 45

pancreas fxn

Answer 45

- main enzyme producing accessory gland of digestive system - pancreatic juice breaks down ALL organic constituents of food - endocrine fxn-secretes insulin and glucagon

Question 46

pancreatic innervation

Answer 46

celiac plexus and superior mesenteric plexus

Question 47

what is the structure of the pancreas

Answer 47

- head (attached to duodenum at major or minor duodenal papilla) - neck, body, tail

Question 48

what are the two ways that pancreatic juices can get out of the pancreas?

Answer 48

- accessory hepatic duct | - main duct- meets up with common bile duct

Question 49

what innervates the spleen

Answer 49

celiac plexus

Question 50

fxn of spleen

Answer 50

- white cell maturation - destroys bad RBCs - proliferation of mature lymphocytes in response to antigens - antibody secretion - recycle chemicals from destroyed RBCs - reservoir for and rapid deployment of undifferentiated monocytes

Question 51

artery and vein of spleen

Answer 51

splenic artery and vein

Question 52

splenomegaly

Answer 52

- huge spleen - mono - liver diseases - cancers

Question 53

what would pain in the right lower quadrant indicate? what causes it and why is there referred pain? incision point?

Answer 53

- appendicitis - trapped stool or stomach infection - shift- starts as visceral pain but once it starts to irritate that parietal peritoneum (body wall), become somatic pain where all somatic nerves are coming - mcburney's point