Abdominal Cavity IV

Question 1

What is the function of the kidney?

Answer 1

Removes excess water, salt and wastes from blood via urine.
Returns nutrients to blood
Secretes various hormones that regulate BP and prod of RBCs

Question 2

What is the pararenal fat as compared to perirenal?

Answer 2

Para is in front of kidney while perirenal fat is in the renal capusle right around kidney.

Question 3

What is the innervation of the kidney?

Answer 3

Sympathetic (T10-L1)

Parasympathetic (Vagus and S2-S4)

Question 4

Describe the blood supply to the kidney:

Answer 4

Renal artery»segmental arteries»interlobular arteries»arcuate arteries.
Drain back via renal veins

Question 5

What is the blood supply of the suprarenal (adrenal) glands

Answer 5

Superior suprarenal a (from inferior phrenic a)
Middle suprarenal a (from aorta)
Inferior suprarenal a (from renal a or aorta)

Question 6

What is produced in the medulla of the adrenal glands? The cortex?

Answer 6

Norepinephrine and epinephrine (fight or flight response).

Corticosteroids and androgens

Question 7

What is the lateral arcuate ligament?

Answer 7

The boundary between the diaphragm and the quadratus lumborum.

Question 8

Why are hiccups important?

Answer 8

Maybe because of a frog adaptation for breathing.

Or a way to allow for a difference in breathing and suckling.

Question 9

What is the innervation of the diaphragm?

Answer 9

Phrenic mainly (C3,4,5)
Also intercostal nerves

Question 10

Psoas Major

Answer 10

O: Tverse of lumbar vert; sides of vert bodies t12-s1
Ins: Lesser trochanter of femur
Inn: lumbar plexus via ant branches of L2-L4
A: flexes thigh, flexes vert column laterally. sitting acts inferiorly to flex trunk

Question 11

Iliacus

Answer 11

O: Superior 2/3 of iliac fossa, ala of sacrum and ant sacro-iliac joints
Ins: Lesser trochanter of femur and shaft inferior
Inn: Femoral n (L2-L4)
A: flexes thigh and stabilizes hip joint; acts with psoas major

Question 12

Quadratus Lumborum

Answer 12

O: Medial half of inf part of rib 12 and tips of lumbar tverse processes
Ins: Iliolumbar ligament and internal lip of iliac crest
Inn: ant branches of T12 and L1-L4 n
Action: extends and laterally flexes vert column. Fixes 12th rib during inspiration

Question 13

Subcostal n

Answer 13

comes from ventral rami of T12

Innervates external oblique and skin of anterolateral abd wall

Question 14

Lumbar spinal nerves

Answer 14

arises: L1-L5
Inn: posterior-deep back muscles and skin of back
anterior-skni and muscles of inferior trunk and lower limb

Question 15

What forms the lumbar plexus

Answer 15

L1-L4

Question 16

Ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric

Answer 16

Arise: L1
Inn: abdom muscles and skin of inguinal and pubic regions

Question 17

Genitofemoral n

Answer 17

Arise: L1-L2 (genital and femoral branches)
Inn: skin below inguinal ligament

Question 18

Lateral Femoral cutaneous nerve

Answer 18

Arise:L2-L3
Inn: anterolateral skin of thigh

Question 19

Femoral n

Answer 19

Arise: L2-L4
Inn: Iliacus, hip flexors, knee extensors

Question 20

Obturator n

Answer 20

Arise: L2-L4
Inn: medial thigh and adductors

Question 21

Accessory obturator n

Answer 21

(usually not present)
Arise: L3-L4
Inn: pectineus, hip joint

Question 22

Where is the most common place for an aortic aneurysm?

Answer 22

In the abdominal cavity just superior to the branch point of common iliac arteries. Typically caused by plaque problems.

Question 23

Lumbosacral Trunk

Answer 23

Arise: L4-L5
Inn: Joins sacral plexus