Anterior Abdominal Wall

Question 1

What is the separating line of the four basic quadrants of the abdomen?

Answer 1

umbilicus

Question 2

What are the nine regions of the abdomen?

Answer 2

Right and left hypchondriac, right and left lumbar, right and left iliac, epigastric, umbilical, hypogastric

Question 3

What vertebral level is the umbilicus?

Answer 3

L3, L4. Innvervation (dermatome) T10

Question 4

Vertical facial lines in the abdomen?

Answer 4

linea alba in midline, semilunaris on the lateral borders of the abdominal muscles

Question 5

List pelvic landmarks

Answer 5

ASIS, iliac crest, iliac tubercle, pectin pubis, pubic tubercle

Question 6

List the 4 functions of abdominal wall

Answer 6

1. Protect and stabilize abdominal contents
2. Trunk rotation and flexion
3. Control intra-abdominal pressure
4. Respiration: opposes diaphragm during exhalation

Question 7

describe camper’s fascia

Answer 7

fatty layer

Question 8

Scarpa’s fascia

Answer 8

white fibrous layer under camper’s fascia

Question 9

transversalis fascia

Answer 9

fascial layer immediately over peritoneum under the musculature. forms deep inguinal ring.

Question 10

falciform ligament is left over from what embryonic structure?

Answer 10

ventral mesentary. connects body wall to liver.

Question 11

what is the adult structure remaining from the umbilical vein?

Answer 11

the round ligament AKA ligamentum teres

Question 12

What runs through the median umbilical fold?

Answer 12

urachus (remnant of allantois) and paraumbilical veins (can become large w/portal hypertension)

Question 13

What is contained in the medial umbilical fold?

Answer 13

(2) folds, remnants of umbilical arteries

Question 14

Contents of lateral umbilical folds?

Answer 14

inferior epigastric a and v (2 folds)

Question 15

Definition of Arcuate Line

Answer 15

Horizontal line that demarcates lower limit of posterior layers of the rectus sheath.

Inferior epigastric vessels perforate rectus abdominus here.

Question 16

Layers of the abdominal wall in order

Answer 16

1. skin, 2. Camper’s fascia, 3. Scarpa’s fascia, 4. External Oblique, 5. Internal Oblique, 6. Transversus abdominus, 7. Rectus abdominus, 8. Transversalis fascia, 9. Parietal peritoneum

Question 17

What is the significance clinically of the space between Scarpa’s fascia and the aponeurosis of the external oblique?

Answer 17

Can have urine collect here if there is damage to the urethra.