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ABDOMEN AND GI TRACT > Abdominal Organs > Flashcards

Abdominal Organs Flashcards

1
Q

liver location

A

right upper quadrant

right hypochondrium and partially epigastric, can extend into the left hypochondrium

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2
Q

liver function

A

synthesis of bile

glycogen storage

clotting factor production

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3
Q

two liver surfaces

A

diaphragmatic and visceral

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4
Q

diaphragmatic surface explained

A

anterosuperior surface of the liver

fits snuggly beneath the curvature of the diaphragm

posterior aspect is not covered by visceral peritoneum, known as the bare area of the liver

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5
Q

visceral surface explained

A

posteroinferior surface of the liver

covered with peritoneum, apart from the fossa of the gall bladder and porta hepatis

lies in contact with the right kidney, right adrenal gland, right colic flexure, transverse colon, first part of duodenum, gallbladder, oesphagus and the stomach

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6
Q

lobes of the liver

A

right and left lobe

right lobe split into the quadrate and caudate

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7
Q

what is the porta hepatis?

A

transverse fissure

hilum of the liver, containing the hepatic artery, hepatic portal vein and common bile gut, nerves and lymphatic nodes

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8
Q

what does the porta hepatis separate?

A

the caudate from the quadrate lobe

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9
Q

liver dual blood supply blood vessels

A

hepatic artery proper and hepatic portal vein

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10
Q

what does the hepatic artery carry + origin?

A

supplies non-parenchymal structures of the liver with arterial blood

derived from coeliac trunk

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11
Q

explain hepatic portal vein

A

supplies liver with partially deoxygenated blood, carrying nutrients absorbed from the small intestine

dominant blood supply

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12
Q

hepatic portal vein function

A

carry nutrients absorbed from the small intestine

allows liver to detoxify blood

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13
Q

explain hepatic artery origin

A

common hepatic artery from coeliac trunk

arrives retropertioneally to the duodenum

gives off the right gastric and gastroduodenal arteries

then continues as the hepatic artery proper

enters the mesentery of the duodenum then curves upwards between two layers of the lesser omentum with the bile duct and hepatic portal vein

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14
Q

blood supply within liver

A

hepatic artery splits into two, to supply both lobes

each eight functionally separate divisions receive their own branch of hepatic artery, portal vein and hepatic vein

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15
Q

where does the blood come from in the hepatic portal vein?

A

confluence of the superior mesenteric and splenic veins, inferior mesenteric, right and left gastric veins and cystic veins

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16
Q

percentage of blood from each blood supply

A

80% portal vein

20% hepatic artery

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17
Q

where does the hepatic portal vein drain into?

A

capillary system, hepatic sinusoids of the liver

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18
Q

venous drainage of the liver explained

A

hepatic veins

formed from central veins in the liver

normally three hepatic veins that then drain into the inferior vena cava

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19
Q

explain the portal-systemic venous anastomoses

A

sites within the GI system where venous blood from viscera drain into systemic circulation, as well as the portal system.

20
Q

function of portal systemic venous anastomoses

A

normally shut but when there is an obstruction of the hepatic portal vein, they open

21
Q

how many anastomoses?

A

4

22
Q

what vessels are not present in the porta hepatis?

A

the hepatic veins

23
Q

peritoneal attachments of the liver

A

falciform ligament and lesser omentum

24
Q

explain the structure of the falciform ligament and liver

A

formed of double layer of peritoneum

attaches anterior surface of the liver to the anterior abdominal wall

forms a natural anatomical division between the right and left lobes of the liver

25
Q

explain the lesser omentum

A

forms the hepatoduodenal ligament

structure that contains the liver and stomach

26
Q

what does the hepatoduodenal ligament contain?

A

common bile duct, hepatic artery proper and hepatic portal vein

27
Q

where does bile collect?

A

bile canaliculi

28
Q

exit of bile from liver?

A

small ducts unite to form larger ducts

form the left or right hepatic ducts

two ducts converge to form the common hepatic duct

29
Q

how does the gall bladder join to the common hepatic duct?

A

cystic duct from gall bladder connects to the common hepatic duct

form the common bile duct

30
Q

passage of common bile duct

A

descends and passes posteriorly to the first part of the duodenum and head of pancreas

joints with the main pancreatic duct to form the ampulla of Vater

empties into the duodenum via the major duodenal papilla

31
Q

what regulates the major duodenal papilla?

A

the sphincter of Oddi

32
Q

gall bladder function

A

stores bile

33
Q

pancreas location

A

upper abdomen

epigastrium and left hypochondrium

34
Q

direct anatomical relations of pancreas

A

posterior to stomach and pylorus lie (separated by lesser sac)

duodenum- C shape outlines the head of pancreas, first part of duodenum lies anteriorly, second part (including ampulla of Vater lies laterally to the right pancreatic head

lies posterior to transverse mesocolon

common bile duct behind head of pancreas before opening into the major duodenal papilla

spleen located posteriorly and laterally

aorta and inferior vena cava lie posteriorly to the head of pancreas

lies in front of kidneys

35
Q

five parts of pancreas

A

head, uncinate process, neck, body and tail

36
Q

head shape and location

A

widest part of pancreas

lies within C-shaped curve created by duodenum

37
Q

uncinate process shape and location

A

projection beneath body of pancreas

lies posterior to superior mesenteric vessels

38
Q

neck shape and location

A

between head and body of pancreas

overlies the superior mesenteric vessels which form a groove on posterior aspect

39
Q

body shape and location

A

centrally located, lies behind stomach and to the left of the superior mesenteric vessels

40
Q

tail shape and location

A

left end of the pancreas

close to hilum of the spleen

41
Q

is the pancreas retro or intraperitoneal?

A

retroperitoneal apart from the tail

secondarily retroperitoneal

42
Q

functions of the pancreas

A

exocrine- produce digestive enzymes, deposit into the small intestine

endocrine- hormones

43
Q

explain duct system

A

acini cells connected by short intercalated ducts

intercalated ducts of adjacent lobules for intralobular collecting ducts

intralobular collecting ducts form the main pancreatic duct

main pancreatic duct joins the common bile duct to form the hepatopancreatic ampulla of Vater

empties into the duodenum via the major duodenal papilla

44
Q

arterial blood supply

A

pancreatic branches of splenic artery

head also supplied by superior and inferior pancreaticduodenal arteries, from the coeliac trunk and superior mesenteric arteries respectively

45
Q

explain this blood supply

A

pancreas develops at the boundary between the midgut and foregut, hence its supply originates from both the superior mesenteric artery and the coeliac trunk

ABDOMEN AND GI TRACT (6 decks)

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