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Abdominal Pain Flashcards

(63 cards)

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1
Q

What is the level of the transpyloric plane?

A

L1

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2
Q

Which structures pass through the transpyloric plane?

A
  • First lumbar vertebrae (L1)
  • Pylorus of stomach
  • Neck of pancreas
  • Fundus of gallbladder
  • Renal hilum
  • Duodenojejunal flexure
  • End of spinal cord
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3
Q

What is the interspinous plane?

A

Horizontal plane through the anterior superior iliac spines, marking the boundary of the umbilical region superiorly and the hypogastric region.

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4
Q

At what vertebral level is the supracristal plane?

A

L4

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5
Q

At what level does the abdominal aorta bifurcate?

A

L4

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6
Q

What happens at the supracristal plane?

A

Supracristal plane: Horizontal plane through the iliac crest at the L4 vertebral level.
• Passes through the umbilical and left/right lumbar regions.
• Used to divide the lower and upper abdominal quadrants.
• Level at which the abdominal aorta bifurcates into the left and right common iliac artery.

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7
Q

At what level does the subcostal plane exist?

A

L3

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8
Q

What is the subcostal plane?

A

Subcostal plane: Transverse plane which bisects the body at the level of the 10th costal margin, and the vertebra body L3.

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9
Q

What vertebral level is the origin of the inferior mesenteric artery?

A

L3

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10
Q

What are the 9 abdominal regions?

A 
Right and left hypochondriac
Epigastric
Right and left lumbar
Umbilical 
Right and left iliac region 
Hypogastric
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11
Q

In which abdominal region does the gallbladder reside in?

A

Right hypochondriac region

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12
Q

What structures are associated with the epigastric region?

A

Stomach, duodenum and pancreas

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13
Q

Which structure is associated with the left hypochondriac region?

A

Pancreas

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14
Q

The kidneys are associated with which two abdominal regions?

A

Right and left lumbar regions

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15
Q

Which structures are associated with the umbilical region of the abdomen?

A

Small bowel
Caecum
Retroperitoneal structures

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16
Q

Which structure is associated with the right iliac region?

A

Appendix and caecum

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17
Q

Which structures are associated with the hypogastric region?

A

Transverse colon
Bladder
Uterus and adenxa

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18
Q

The sigmoid colon is associated with which abdominal region?

A

Left iliac region

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19
Q

What forms the foregut?

A

The distal oesophagus till the proximal half of the 2nd part of the duodenum

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20
Q

What supplies the foregut?

A

Coeliac trunk

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21
Q

What are the three main branches of the coeliac trunk?

A

Left gastric, common hepatic and splenic artery

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22
Q

What forms the midgut

A

Distal half of 2nd part of duodenum Proximal 2/3 of transverse colon.

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23
Q

What supplies the midgut?

A

The superior mesenteric artery

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24
Q

What forms the hindgut?

A

Distal 1/3 of transverse colon till the rectum

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25
What supplies the hindgut?
The inferior mesenteric artery
26
What lines the abdominal and pelvic cavities?
Parietal peritoneum
27
What lines the external surfaces of the abdominal organs?
Visceral peritoneum
28
Which nerves arise from the coeliac plexus?
The greater and lesser splanchnic nerves
29
What is the innervation of the midgut?
Superior mesenteric plexus
30
What is the innervation of the hindgut?
Inferior mesenteric plexus
31
What are the nerve roots for the parasympathetic innervation of the bladder?
Pelvic nerves (S2-S4)
32
Which nerve innervates the gastrointestinal tract?
Vagus nerve
33
Which nerve innervates the diaphragm?
The phrenic nerve
34
What are the nerve roots of the phrenic nerve?
C3-5
35
Where does referred pain from the phrenic nerve go to?
Radiates to the shoulder
36
What is the difference in innervation between the visceral and parietal peritoneum?
Visceral is autonomic whereas parietal is somatic
37
What are sympathetic nerve roots of the visceral peritoneum?
T1-T12 | L1-2
38
What is the parasympathetic roots of the visceral peritoneum,?
IX, X, III, VII and S2-4
39
What is the character of pain regarding the visceral peritoneum?
Dull, crampy and burning
40
What is the site of pain with the visceral peritoneum?
Embryological in origin
41
What is the site of pain for parietal peritoneum?
Well-localised
42
What is the character of pain for parietal peritoneum?
Sharpe, ache
43
What is the innervation for sensation of the foregut?
T5-T9
44
What is the innervation for sensation of the midgut?
T10-T11
45
What is the innervation for sensation of the hindgut?
L1-L2
46
What is the site of pain for the foregut?
Epigastrium
47
What is the site of pain for the midgut?
Umbilical
48
What is the site of pain for the Hindgut?
Hypogastrium
49
How is pain by inflammation characterised?
* Constant pain (aching) * Made worse by movement * Persists until inflammation subsides + associated with somatic sensation.
50
How is pain characterised by obstruction?
* Colicky pain (gripping) * Fluctuates in severity * Move to try and get comfortable
51
What is the consequence of prolonged obstruction of a hollow viscus?
Can cause distention- constant stretching pain, that is different from inflammation and not colicky There is a risk of ischaemia
52
What is the definition of colicky pain?
Colicky pain describes an intermittent form of pain that begins and stops abruptly due to muscular contractions of a hollow tube in an attempt to relieve the obstruction
53
Which structures are associated with colicky pain?
* Colon * Gall bladder * Ureter
54
What is colicky pain associated with?
Accompanied by sweating and vomiting + visceral sensation (referred centre)
55
How is ureteric colic pain characterised?
Associated with intense and fluctuating pain
56
How is biliary colic pain characterised?
Refers to constant intense pain for a prolonged period of time until relaxing
57
How is intestinal colic pain characterised?
• Intestinal colic refers to frequent contractions of pain, although the intensity of pain is comparatively less.
58
Where does gallbladder related pain radiate to?
Through to the back and the right
59
Where does epigastric related pain radiate to?
Straight through to the back
60
Where does pancreas related pain radiate to?
Through to the back and the left
61
Where does kidney related back radiate to?
Loin radiates to the groin
62
Where does umbilical related pain typically radiate to?
No radiation
63
Describe the radiation pattern of pain for lower abdominal pain?
Pain originating from structure deep within the pelvis is referred to the lower back/perineum. N/B: Minimal radiation

BRS 2 (62 decks)

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