Abdominal Viscera

Question 1

What are the three large arterial branches of the aorta in the abdomen?

Answer 1

Celiac
Superior Mesenteric
Inferior Mesenteric

Question 2

What are the three main branches of the celiac trunk?

Answer 2

Common Hepatic Artery
Splenic Artery
Left Gastric Artery

Question 3

What are the major branches of the Superior Mesenteric Artery?

Answer 3

Inferior Pancreaticoduodenal
Middle Colic Arteries
Right Colic Arteries
Ileocolic Arteries

Question 4

What is the largest of the splanchnic arterial vessels and why does it matter?

Answer 4

Superior Mesenteric Artery
- delivers more than 10% of cardiac output
- Significant for embolic mesenteric ischemia

Question 5

What are the branches of the Inferior Mesenteric Artery?

Answer 5

Left Colic Artery
Sigmoid Branches
Superior Rectal Artery

Question 6

What is the most common location for esophageal cancers?

Answer 6

Z Line (Abdominal Esophagus)

Question 7

What are the major parts of the stomach?

Answer 7

Lesser and Greater Curvature
Cardia
Fundus
Body
Pyloric Region

Question 8

Folds that permit distention after food is ingested

Answer 8

Gastric folds (rugae)

Question 9

Where does most gastric content travel along?

Answer 9

Lesser Curvature

Question 10

What is the most common site of gastric ulcers?

Answer 10

Lesser Curvature

Question 11

What is nearly absent in the lesser curvature?

Answer 11

Rugae (Gastric Folds)

Question 12

Importance of ulcers in the greater curvature?

Answer 12

Treated as malignant until proven otherwise

Question 13

What arteries supply the Duodenum?

Answer 13

Celiac Trunk
Superior Mesenteric Artery

Question 14

What does the Large Intestine consist of?

Answer 14

Appendix
Cecum
Colon
Rectum
Anal Canal

Question 15

What is the name of the pouches in the large intestine?

Answer 15

Haustra

Question 16

What is the name of the muscle bands of the large intestine?

Answer 16

Tineae Coli

Question 17

What is the base appendix called?

Answer 17

McBurney’s Point

Question 18

What position is the appendix usually in?

Answer 18

Retrocecal

Question 19

Left lower quadrant pain (opposite side of appendix) that indicates appendicitis?

Answer 19

Rovsing Sign

Question 20

An increase in pain caused by passive extension of the right hip joint that stretches the iliopsoas muscle

Answer 20

Psoas Sign

Question 21

Pain caused by passive internal rotation of the flexed thigh

Answer 21

Obturator Sign

Question 22

What arteries supply the Colon?

Answer 22

SMA Branches
- Ileocolic
- Middle Colic
- Right Colic
IMA Branches
- Left Colic
- Sigmoid

Question 23

What artery is formed by the antasamosis of the superior mesenteric artery and inferior mesenteric artery?

Answer 23

Marginal Artery

Question 24

Where do most cases of diverticulosis occur?

Answer 24

Sigmoid colon (60%)

Question 25

What is the largest gland in the body?

Answer 25

Liver

Question 26

What vein allows the liver to receive breakdown products from the small intestine?

Answer 26

Portal Vein

Question 27

How much of the lymph received by the thoracic duct comes from the liver?

Answer 27

1/4 to 1/2

Question 28

Name the four lobes of the liver

Answer 28

Left Right Caudate (Posterior) Quadrate (Anterior)

Question 29

What vein carries POORLY oxygenated blood from the abdominopelvic portion of the GI tract to the liver?

Answer 29

Hepatic Portal Vein

Question 30

What vessel carries oxygenated blood from the aorta to the liver?

Answer 30

Hepatic Artery

Question 31

What vein drains the liver?

Answer 31

Hepatic Vein

Question 32

What is the function of the gallbladder?

Answer 32

Storage and concentration of bile (aids in digestion of fats)

Question 33

What period of digestion is occurring when the Sphincter of Oddi is contracted?

Answer 33

Interdigestive

Question 34

What period of digestion is occurring when the Sphincter of Oddi is relaxed?

Answer 34

Digestive - bile from the gallbladder - digestive enzymes from pancreas both go into the duodenum

Question 35

What arteries supply the pancreas?

Answer 35

Splenic Superior Pancreaticoduodenal Inferior Pancreaticoduodenal

Question 36

What are the veins that drain into into hepatic portal vein?

Answer 36

Splenic Superior Mesenteric Inferior Mesenteric

Question 37

What lymphatic organ can be injured during blunt trauma and repair is preferred over removal due to its immune system role? It is also known to bleed profusely.

Answer 37

Spleen

Question 38

What artery supplies the spleen?

Answer 38

Splenic Artery

Question 39

What vaccinations are required after a splenectomy?

Answer 39

Haemophilus influenzae Streptococcus pneumonia Neiserria meningitidis

Question 40

What are the two basic types of tissue in the spleen?

Answer 40

White pulp (produces white blood cells) Red pulp (filters the blood)

Question 41

Where do the kidneys lie in the body?

Answer 41

Retroperitoneal - posterior abdominal wall

Question 42

What muscle separates the kidneys from the vertebral column?

Answer 42

Psoas

Question 43

Name the anatomical parts of the kidney

Answer 43

Renal Cortex Renal Medulla (Pyramids) Minor Calyx Major Calyx Renal Pelvis Ureter

Question 44

What artery supplies the kidneys?

Answer 44

Renal Artery (L1 and L2)

Question 45

What arteries supply the ureters?

Answer 45

Renal Artery Testicular or Ovarian Superior Vesicular Aorta

Question 46

Name the two parts of the adrenal glands

Answer 46

Adrenal Cortex Adrenal Medulla

Question 47

What portion of the adrenal gland makes corticosteroids and androgens?

Answer 47

Adrenal Cortex

Question 48

What portion of the adrenal gland makes epinephrine and norepinephrine?

Answer 48

Adrenal Medulla

Question 49

What is contained in the hepatoduodenal ligament, also known as the Hepatic Portal Triad?

Answer 49

Portal Vein Hepatic Artery Common Bile Duct