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Human Anatomy: Block 2 > Abdominal Walls and Peritoneum > Flashcards

Abdominal Walls and Peritoneum Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

Central landmark of the surface anatomy of the abdomen?

A

Umbilicus

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2
Q

What is the superior boundary of the abdomen ?

A

Diaphragm (5th intercostal)

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3
Q

A tendinous line that extends from the xiphoid process to the pubic symphysis.

A

Linea alba

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4
Q

How many regions are in the abdominal cavity?

A

9

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5
Q

What makes up the superficial fascia of the abdominal wall?

A

Camper’s fascia
Scarpa’s fascia
Cutaneous nerves
Superficial vessels

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6
Q

What lies underneath the superficial fascia of the abdominal wall?

A

Deep fascia

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7
Q

Nerves that innervate the anterior abdominal wall

A

Lower 6 thoracic nerves
Lumbar Plexus (L1)
(Illioinguinal + Iliohypogastric = L1)

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8
Q

Innervation of the Abdominal Wall

A
  • Thoracoabdominal Nerves (T7-T11)
  • Lateral Cutaneous Branch of Subcostal Nerve (T12)
  • Anterior Cutaneous Branch of Subcostal Nerve (T12)
  • Lumbar Plexus (L1)
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9
Q

Where does the L1 plexus arise from?

A

Anterior Rami of L1

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10
Q

What two nerves make up L1

A

Illioinguinal
Iliohypogastric

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11
Q

Skin near the midline is supplied by what?

A

Superior and Inferior Epigastric Arteries

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12
Q

What arteries supply the skin of the flanks?

A

Intercostal a.
Lumbar a.
Deep Circumflex Iliac a.

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13
Q

What arteries supply skin in the inguinal region?

A

Superficial Epigastric a.
Superficial Circumflex Iliac a.
Superficial External Pudendal a.

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14
Q

Two branches of the internal thoracic artery (that we need to know)

A

Musculophrenic a.
Superior Epigastric a.

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15
Q

Musculophrenic Artery

A

branches to the aortic intercostal a.
Supplies:
- pericardium
- diaphragm
- abdominal muscles

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16
Q

Superior Epigastric Artery

A
  • enters the sheath of the rectus abdominus
  • pierces the rectus abdominus muscle
  • anastomoses with the inferior epigastric artery
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17
Q

What are the branches of the external iliac artery?

A

Inferior Epigastric a.
- External Spermatic a. or Cremasteric
Deep Iliac Circumflex a.

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18
Q

What are the branches of the femoral artery?

A

Superficial Epigastric a.
Superficial External Pudendal a.

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19
Q

What artery is the dominant vascular supply to the anterior abdominal wall?

A

Inferior Epigastric

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20
Q

What is the most common cause of portal hypertension?

A

Cirrhosis

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21
Q

Blockage of what vein causes Caput Medusa?

A

Paraumbilical Vein

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22
Q

Blockage of what veins causes esophageal varices?

A

Esophageal Veins

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23
Q

Blockage of what veins causes hemorrhoids?

A

Rectal Veins

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24
Q

Where does lymph from above the umbilicus drain into?

Study These Flashcards
A

Pectoral Lymph Nodes in the Axilla

25
Where does lymph from below the umbilicus drain into?
Superficial Inguinal Lymph Nodes
26
What are the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall?
External Oblique Internal Oblique Transversus Abdominis External Oblique Aponeurosis Internal Oblique Aponeurosis
27
What is the name of location where the inferior epigastric vessels enter the rectus sheath?
Arcuate Line
28
Where is the arcuate line located?
5 cm below the umbilicus
29
What separates the rectus sheath into superior and inferior portions?
Arcuate Line
30
Name of the location where the abdominal cavity ends?
Sacral Promontory
31
What muscle forms lateral half of the inguinal canal, the rectus sheath, and inguinal falx?
Internal Oblique
32
What structure covers the upper 3/4 of the rectus abdominus, but only covers the anterior portion of the lower 1/4 of the rectus abdominus?
Rectus Sheath
33
What type of hernia is usually seen up to the age of 3 and after the age of 40?
Umbilical Hernia
34
What type of hernia is often seen in the epigastric region, are more common in males, and rarely contain visceral structures?
Linea Alba Hernia
35
What type of hernia usually occurs in midlife and develops slowly?
Linea Semilunaris (spigelian) Hernia
36
What type of hernia occurs at the site of a previous laparotomy scar?
Incisional Hernia
37
Remnant attachment of the the umbilical cord
Umbilicus
38
Name the umbilical ligaments
Median Medial (paired) Lateral (paired)
39
Name the 5 muscles of the posterior abdominal wall
Iliacus Psoas Major Psoas Minor Qudratus Lumborum Diaphragm
40
What muscle allows for flexion of the thigh at the hip and lateral flexion of the vertebral column?
Psoas Major
41
Flexion of the vertebral column Only present in 60% of people
Psoas Minor
42
Fan shaped muscle that allows flexion of the thigh at the hip joint
Iliacus
43
Nerve that innervates the anterior and lateral thigh muscles, as well as medial leg and ending at the foot. - Most important nerve from the lumbar plexus
Femoral Nerve
44
What else does the femoral nerve innervate
Quadratus femoris Iliopsoas Sartorius muscle with motor coordination
45
What plexus is formed by the ventral rami of L1-L4?
Lumbar Plexus
46
What are the peripheral branches of the lumbar plexus?
Iliohypogastric Ilioinguinal Genitofemoral Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Femoral Obturator
47
Space between the parietal and visceral layers
Peritoneal Cavity
48
Peritoneum that lines that abdominal wall
Parietal
49
Peritoneum that lines the viscera
Visceral
50
What are the two layers of the peritoneum?
Parietal Visceral
51
Functions of the peritoneum
Location of blood and lymph vessels Lubrication Serous fluid production Suspension of organs Limits infection spread Adhesions
52
Double layer of peritoneum connecting the viscera to the abdominal wall
Mesentery
53
Double layer attached to the stomach
Omentum
54
Layers that connect viscera to the the abdominal wall
Peritoneal Ligament
55
Blinds sacs with a single opening into the peritoneal cavity
Recess
56
What is the lowest point in the peritoneal cavity when lying supine?
Hepatorenal Recess (Morrison's Pouch)
57
Inflammation generates a sticky fluid containing fibrin that glues the greater omentum to the inflamed areas.
Peritonitis
58
What is referred pain?
Organ itself doesn't hurt, the nerve it touches does.

Human Anatomy: Block 2 (4 decks)

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