Abdominal Viscera

Question 1

What are the contents of the foregut (celiac trunk)?

Answer 1

esophagus, stomach, duodenum, liver, gallbladder, spleen, pancreas

Question 2

What are the contents of the midgut (superior mesenteric artery)?

Answer 2

duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum & appendix, ascending colon, 2/3 of transverse colon

Question 3

What are the contents of the Hindgut (inferior mesenteric artery)?

Answer 3

1/3 transverse, descending & sigmoid colon, rectum & anal canal

Question 4

Where does the thoracic esophagus pierce the diaphragm at?

Answer 4

T10, the esophageal hiatus

Question 5

What structure passes through the diaphragm at T8? T12?

Answer 5

T8: IVC
T12: aorta

Question 6

What is a sliding hiatal hernia?

Answer 6

where the esophageal hiatus of diaphragm enlarges or weakens, leading to parts of the abdominal esophagus and stomach to herniate into the thorax

Question 7

What is a paraesophageal hiatal hernia?

Answer 7

a defect in diaphragm next to esophageal hiatus; permits fundus of stomach to herniate

Question 8

Where is the stomach located?

Answer 8

left hypochondria and epigastric regions

Question 9

The diaphragm, spleen, left suprarenal gland, upper left kidney, pancreas, left colic flexure, left transverse colon, transverse mesocolonto are all ____ the stomach?

Answer 9

posterior

Question 10

What is anterior to the stomach?

Answer 10

left costal margin, left diaphragm, left & quadrate lobes of the liver

Question 11

This is located between the stomach and the large intestine

Answer 11

small intestine

Question 12

This division of the small intestine is C-shaped, 10 inches long, located approximately at L1 to L4, and is divided into 4 parts

Answer 12

duodenum

Question 13

Where does the root of the mesentery begin?

Answer 13

duodeno-jejunal flexure

Question 14

This part of the duodenum starts at the pyloric sphincter, is about 2 inches long, held in place by the hepatoduodenal ligament, head of the pancreas is inferior to this part

Answer 14

1st part (superior)

Question 15

Describe the 2nd part (designing) of the duodenum

Answer 15

about 3 inches long, all retroperitoneal, the fundus of the gallbladder, right lobe of liver, and transverse colon are all anterior to this part, the right kidney and ureter are posterior, the bile and pancreatic ducts enter this part at the major duodenal papilla

Question 16

The superior mesenteric artery and vein and the root of the mesentery cross the anterior surface of this part of the duodenum

Answer 16

3rd part (horizontal)

Question 17

This part of the duodenum is not covered by peritoneum and is held in place by the suspensory ligament of the duodenum and anchors to the right crus of the diaphragm

Answer 17

4th part (ascending)

Question 18

These two parts of the small intestine occupy most of the peritoneal cavity of the abdomen and pelvis and coiled, are about 20 feet long

Answer 18

Jejunum and Ileum

Question 19

The jejunum and ileum are very mobile and held to the posterior wall by what?

Answer 19

THE mesentery

Question 20

The jejunum by itself is how long?

Answer 20

8-10 feet; 2/5 of the free small intestine

Question 21

The jejunum has ___ vascular arcades, ___ vasa recta, ___ pilcae circularis

Answer 21

simple; long; more

Question 22

The ileum by itself is how long?

Answer 22

10-12 feet; 3/5 of the free small intestine

Question 23

The ileum has ____ vascular arcades, ___ vasa recta, and ___ pilcae circularis

Answer 23

compound; shorter; fewer

Question 24

Meckel’s diverticulum can be a feature of the what part of the small intestine?

Answer 24

ileum

Question 25

THE mesentery is ___ inches long at it's root and ___ feet long at it's intestinal border

Answer 25

6-7; 20

Question 26

What are the functions of the large intestine?

Answer 26

fecal formation, water absorption, and mucus secretion

Question 27

What are taenia coli and where are they located?

Answer 27

3 bands of longitudinal muscle on the outside of the colon; they produce haustrae that slow the movement of feces

Question 28

What are appendices epiploicae?

Answer 28

tags of fat on the large intestine

Question 29

Does the cecum have epiploic appendages?

Answer 29

no

Question 30

The ___ valve is 2 folds that are not a true sphincter

Answer 30

iliocolic

Question 31

What is the ileal papilla?

Answer 31

cone-like projection of the ileum into the cecum

Question 32

The vermiform appendix is usually attached to what?

Answer 32

posteromedial part of the cecum; located at the junction of 3 taenia coli

Question 33

What parts of the colon are intraperitoneal and which parts are retroperitoneal?

Answer 33

intraperitoneal: transverse, sigmoid retroperitoneal: ascending, descending

Question 34

This organ is found in the left hypochondria region; parallels left ribs 9, 10, and 11; about the size of a hand; normally not palpable below the costal margin

Answer 34

spleen

Question 35

Is the spleen covered by peritoneum?

Answer 35

yes

Question 36

What does the spleen develop from?

Answer 36

mesoderm

Question 37

The diaphragm is ___ to the spleen

Answer 37

posterior

Question 38

The stomach and tail of the pancreas are ___ to the spleen

Answer 38

anterior

Question 39

The left kidney is ___ to the spleen

Answer 39

inferior

Question 40

The diaphragmatic surface of the spleen is smooth or rough?

Answer 40

smooth

Question 41

The visceral surface contains a hilum with what two ligaments?

Answer 41

gastrosplenic and splenorenal

Question 42

This organ is secondarily retroperitoneal and located at about L1-L2

Answer 42

pancreas

Question 43

The superior mesenteric artery and vein are ___ to the neck of the pancreas

Answer 43

posterior

Question 44

The splenic vein and artery run ____ ____ to or ___ to the body of the pancreas

Answer 44

horizontally superior; posterior

Question 45

The tail of the pancreas is against what other organ?

Answer 45

spleen

Question 46

The inferior vena cava and aorta are ___ to the body of the pancreas

Answer 46

posterior

Question 47

The stomach is ___ to the spleen

Answer 47

spleen

Question 48

The transverse colon lies ___ and ___ to the pancreas

Answer 48

anterior and inferior

Question 49

The main pancreatic duct joins what as they enter the 2nd part of the duodenum together through a common hepatopancreatic ampulla?

Answer 49

the bile duct

Question 50

the hepatopancreatic ampulla forms what?

Answer 50

the major duodenal papilla

Question 51

The accessory pancreatic duct enters the duodenum at the more superior ___ ____ ___

Answer 51

minor duodenal papilla

Question 52

Most of the liver is located in what quadrant?

Answer 52

right upper quadrant

Question 53

The small left lobe of the liver is located in what quadrant?

Answer 53

left upper quadrant

Question 54

What are the 4 lobes of the liver?

Answer 54

left, right, caudate, quadrate

Question 55

The falciform ligament is a double layer of peritoneum that connects liver to what?

Answer 55

anterior wall

Question 56

As the peritoneum attaches the liver to the anterior wall, it splits to enclose this area of the liver

Answer 56

bare area

Question 57

The bare area of the liver includes what?

Answer 57

the area where the IVC is posterior to the liver and the hepatic veins drain into it

Question 58

The ligamentum venosum is between what lobes in the liver?

Answer 58

left and caudate

Question 59

The ligamentum teres h. is between what lobes in the liver

Answer 59

left and quadrate

Question 60

Where is the porta hepatis and what does it do?

Answer 60

a transverse fissure between caudate and quadrate lobes of the liver; transmits the portal triad

Question 61

What makes up the portal triad?

Answer 61

hepatic artery; portal vein; and bile duct

Question 62

The ligamentum treres is in the edge of the falciform which comes from?

Answer 62

obliterated umbilical vein

Question 63

The ligamentum venosum is the "old" what?

Answer 63

ductus venosus; used to connect the umbilical vein with the inferior vena cava

Question 64

The hepatic fossa is for what?

Answer 64

gall bladder

Question 65

The falciform ligament attaches with what?

Answer 65

ligamentum teres

Question 66

The lesser omentum attaches with what?

Answer 66

hepatoduodenal and hepatogastric ligaments

Question 67

True or False? | The fundus of the gall bladder is the highest, narrowest part.

Answer 67

false; lowest and widest

Question 68

What two extrahepatic bile passages form the common hepatic duct?

Answer 68

right and left hepatic duct

Question 69

What are the five ducts of the gall bladder?

Answer 69

right and left hepatic duct, common hepatic duct, cystic duct, and bile duct

Question 70

What is the bile duct formed by?

Answer 70

the cystic and common hepatic ducts

Question 71

Where does the bile duct run?

Answer 71

in the edge of the lesser omentum; goes posterior and inferior to the 1st part of the duodenum, posterior to the head of the pancreas enters the 2nd part of the duodenum with the pancreatic duct