Abdominal Viscera Flashcards

(25 cards)

1
Q

Where does the esophagus pass through the esophageal hiatus?

A

T10

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2
Q

What are the features of the stomach?

A

Cardia - where esophagus meets the stomach

Fundus - Superior to esophageal juncture, usually filled with air

Body - major part

Pylorus - distal end, divided into regions

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3
Q

What are the Rugae?

A

Longitudinal ridges on the inner surface; raised folds of mucosa that allow for stomach expansion

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4
Q

What is the duodenum?

A

First and shortest part of the small intestine; curves around head of pancreas in C shape

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5
Q

What is the hepatopancreatic ampulla?

A

Common bile duct and main pancreatic ducts join to enter the duodenum

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6
Q

What is the major duodenal papilla?

A

Small nipple-like protrusion on the internal surface of the duodenum where the hepatopancreatic ampulla enters

Marks the junction between the fore- and midgut

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7
Q

What is the hepatopancreatic sphincter?

A

Circular smooth muscle that surrounds the ampulla, controlling bile and pancreatic secretions

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8
Q

What is the suspensory muscle of the duodenum?

A

Secures the ascending part of the duodenum to the diaphragm

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9
Q

What are the teniae coli?

A

Three longitudinal muscle bands formed by its outer muscular coat

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10
Q

What are haustra?

A

Sacculations of colon produced by the teniae, which ar slightly shorter than the gut

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11
Q

What are plicae semilunares?

A

Infoldings of intestinal wall between the haustra

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12
Q

What are appendices epiploicae?

A

Peritoneum-covered pouches of fat, attached in rows along the teniae

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13
Q

What is the main pancreatic duct?

A

Runs tail to head; joins the bile duct to form hepatopancreatic ampulla before entering the second part of the duodenum

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14
Q

What is the accessory pancreatic duct?

A

Drains small part of the head; often communicates with mian pancreatic duct; opens into minor duodenal papilla

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15
Q

What are the four lobes of the liver?

A

Left

Right - largest, gives rise to next two

Caudate

Quadrate

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16
Q

What is the porta hepatis?

A

Transverse fissure between quadrate and caudate lobes that transmits vessels and nerves

17
Q

What is the portal triad?

A

Bile duct

Hepatic Artery

Portal Vein

18
Q

What is the hepatoduodenal ligament?

A

Fold of peritoneum connecting the duodenum and liver in the edge of the lesser omentum

Contains the portal triad

19
Q

What is the cystohepatic triangle?

A

Surgical landmark formed by the inferior visceral surface of the liver, cystic duct and common hepatic duct

20
Q

What is a hiatal hernia?

A

Occurs when the cardia and/or fundus of the stomach protrudes through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm

21
Q

What is an Ileal diverticulum?

A

Congenital abnormality of the small intestine

Finger-like pouch from the ileocecal junction

22
Q

What is a volvulus?

A

Abnormal twisting of the intestines, can cause blockage and interruption of blood supply

23
Q

What is situs inversus?

A

Left to right inversion of the body’s organs

24
Q

What are gallstones?

A

Calcifications formed int he gall bladder or bile passages

Primarily consist of cholesterol and bile pigment

25
What is obstructive jaundice?
Caused by blockage of bilde ducts from gallstones, tumors, and/or compression of the pancreas