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ANAT 315 - human musculoskeletal > abdominal wall > Flashcards

abdominal wall Flashcards

1
Q

What are the different layers of the anterior abdominal wall?

A

Skin
Camper’s fascia
Adipose tissue
Scarpa’s fascia
3 anterolateral muscles
Rectus sheath
Transversalis fascia
Peritoneum

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2
Q

What is the most superficial fatty layer?

A

Camper’s fascia

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3
Q

What is the deepest fatty layer?

A

Scarpa’s fascia

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4
Q

What are the different layers of the anterolateral abdominal wall muscles and their different fiber direction?

A

External oblique (anterior-inferior)
Internal oblique (anterior-superior/inferior)
Transversus oblique (horizontal/transverse)

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5
Q

What are the shared characteristics and functions the 3 layers of the anterolateral abdominal wall muscles?

A

-medial aponeuroses
-converge on linea alba
-shared functions:
Compression of the abdominal organs
Bilat: Flexion of the trunk
Forced expiration

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6
Q

Which muscle of the anterolateral abdominal wall does contralateral trunk rotation when contracted?

A

External oblique

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7
Q

Which muscle of the anterolateral abdominal wall does ipsilateral trunk rotation when contracted?

A

Internal oblique

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8
Q

What muscles of the abdominal wall are contracted when forceful trunk rotation to the RIGHT is executed?

A

Left EO
Right IO

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9
Q

What are the additional function (not shared functions) of the transversus abdominis ?

A

None
Although it is especially important for abdomen compression (defecation/micturition & during birth)

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10
Q

True or false?
The difference btw an individual who has 3 tendinous intersections & one who has 4 depends on how hard they train?

A

False
It varies from individual through genetics

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11
Q

What muscle of the abdominal wall is usually called abs?

A

Rectus abdominis

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12
Q

What contains the rectus abdominis?

A

Rectus sheath

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13
Q

What is the fiber direction of the rectus abdomins? What function does it allow?

A

superior to inferior (vertical)
Trunk flexion & compression of abdominal contents

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14
Q

What is the clinical importance of the arcuate line?

A

Gradual transition zone where the inferior neurovasculature of the abdomen comes in (inferior epigastric nerve)

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15
Q

Describe the organization of the abdominal wall over the arcuate line and how it affects the abdomen

A

stronger part of the abdomen

External oblique
1/2 of the internal oblique
Rectus abdominis
1/2 of the internal oblique
Transversus abdominis
Transversalis fascia
Peritoneum

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16
Q

Describe the organization of the abdominal wall below the arcuate line and how it affects the abdomen

A

All muscles over the rectus abdominis except the transversalis fascia & peritoneum
This makes it a weaker part of the abdomen

17
Q

What is the blood supply of the abdominal wall?

A

Superior:
Internal thoracic artery
Superior epigastric artery

Inferior:
Branch of the external iliac artery
Inferior epigastric artery

18
Q

What is the surface anatomy observed on the abdomen?

A

Linea alba
Approximate arcuate line
Tendinous intersections
Linea semilunaris

19
Q

What does the semilunaris correspond to?

A

Convergence of oblique & transversus aponeurosis along the lateral edges of the rectus abdominis

20
Q

What does the linea alba correspond to?

A

Midline fusion of oblique and transversus aponeurosis

21
Q

What is the clinical landmark of the umbilicus?

A

T10

22
Q

What is the innervation of anterior & lateral cutaneous branches?

A

Lower thoracoabdominal nerves (T7-T11) that travel btw the IO & TA muscles

23
Q

Generally what is the innervation of the abdominal wall?

A

Anterior rami T7-L1

24
Q

What are the muscles of the posterior abdominal wall?

A

Diaphragm
Psoas major/minor
Iliacus
iliopsoas
Quadratus lumborum
Transversus abdominis

25
Q

What muscle is the merge of the iliacus & psoas major?

A

Iliopsosas

26
Q

Which muscle of the posterior abdominal wall cross the hip joint?

A

Iliopsoas
NOT psoas major

27
Q

Which muscles of the posterior abdominal wall act primarily at the lower limb? What are their function in the trunk?

A

Psoas major & minor
Iliacus
Iliopsoas

Unilat: Ipsilateral lateral flexion of the trunk
Bilat: assist in lumbar flexion

28
Q

Describe the the bilat & unilat function of the Quadratus lumborum

A

Bilat: extension of the lumbar spine
Unilat: Ipsilateral lateral flexion of the trunk

29
Q

What are the hiatuses in the diaphragm? At what levels are they?

A

T8: CH
T10: EH
T12: AH

30
Q

Name the different structures in the diaphragm that embrace the passage of muscles and identify those muscles

A

Lateral arcuate ligament: Quadratus lumborum
Medial arcuate ligament: Psoas major/minor
Median arcuate ligament: aortic hiatus

31
Q

Which muscles wraps around the EH & AH and helps form the median arcuate ligament?

A

Left and right crus

32
Q

Which crus is longer and why?

A

Right because of the placement of the liver

ANAT 315 - human musculoskeletal (13 decks)

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