Abdominal wall Flashcards
(97 cards)
1
Q
abdominal wall boundaries: superiorly
A
- xiphoid process
- costal margin
2
Q
abdominal wall boundaries: posteriorly
A
vertebral column
3
Q
abdominal wall boundaries: inferiorly
A
upper parts of pelvic bone
4
Q
lumbar vertebrae: features
A
- large in size
- body kidney shaped
- triangular vertebral foramen
- long slender tvp
- articular processes have mammillary processes
- short thick spinous process
5
Q
why is there larger gaps btw lumbar v compared to thoracic?
A
- less things to protect aka spinal cord
6
Q
what can x-rays of lumbar spine detect?
A
- fractures
- bone tumours
- degenerative changes (arthritis)
- disc narrowing
- narrowing spinal canal
7
Q
eg. ankylosing spondylitis
A
- bamboo spine
- very narrow intervertebral discs
8
Q
eg. facet joint arthritis
A
- calcification of joints
- pain
9
Q
eg. disc herniation
A
- nucleus pulposus going into spinal canal
10
Q
post abdominal wall: list mm
A
- psoas major
- psoas minor
- quadratus lumborum (QL)
- iliacus mm
11
Q
quadratus lumborum: location
A
post abdominal wall
12
Q
quadratus lumborum: origin
A
post iliac crest
13
Q
quadratus lumborum: insertion
A
rib 12
- tvp of lumbar vertebra
14
Q
quadratus lumborum: innervation
A
T12- L1
15
Q
quadratus lumborum: function
A
lateral flexion of spine
16
Q
psoas major: location
A
post abdominal wall
17
Q
psoas major: origin
A
lumbar tvp
- discs from T12- L5
18
Q
psoas major: insertion
A
lesser trochanter of femur
19
Q
psoas major: innervation
A
L1- 3
20
Q
psoas major: function
A
- flex thigh at hip
- flex lower spine
21
Q
iliacus: location
A
post abdominal wall
22
Q
iliacus: origin
A
iliac fossa, hip
23
Q
iliacus: insertion
A
lesser trochanter of femur
24
Q
iliacus: innervation
A
femoral nn
25
iliacus: function
- flex hip
| - ant pelvic tilt
26
lymphatic system: classify nodes
- pre-aortic
| - para-aortic
27
lymphatic system: pre-aortic nodes
- celiac
| - sup/ inf mesenteric nodes
28
list layers of abdominal wall:
- skin
- superficial fascia (subcutaneous tissue)
- muscles and their fascias
- extraperitoneal fascia
- parietal peritoneum
29
superficial fascia: 2 layers
- superficial layer (Camper's fascia)
| - deep layer membranous (Scarpa's fascia) -> in region inf to umbilicus
30
anterolateral abdominal wall: mm involved
- ext/ int obliques
- transverse abdominal
- rectus abdominis
31
rectus abdominis: location
anterolateral ab wall
32
rectus abdominis: origin
- pubic crest
- pubic tubercle
- pubic symphysis
33
rectus abdominis: insertion
- costal cartilage
- ribs 5-7
- xiphoid
34
rectus abdominis: innervation
T7-12
35
rectus abdominis: function
- flex spine
| - tense ab wall
36
external oblique: location
anterolateral ab wall
37
external oblique: origin
outer surfaces of ribs 4-12
38
external oblique: insertion
- lateral lip iliac crest
- aponeurosis
- linea alba
39
external oblique: innervation
T7-12
40
external oblique: function
- flex trunk
- muscle on its own: bends trunk to same side
- turns trunk to opposite side
41
internal oblique: location
- thoracolumbar fascia
- iliac crest
- outer 2/3 of inguinal lig
42
internal oblique: insertion
- lower 4 ribs
- aponeurosis
- linea alba
- pubic crest
43
internal oblique: innervation
T7-L1
44
internal oblique: function
- together flex trunk
| - on own: bend and turn trunk to same side
45
transverse abdominal: location
anterolateral ab wall
46
transverse abdominal: origin
- thoracolumbar fascia
- outer 1/3 inguinal lig
- rib 7-12
47
transverse abdominal: insertion
- aponeurosis ending at linea alba
| - pubic crest
48
transverse abdominal: innervation
T7-L1
49
transverse abdominal: function
compress ab contents
50
rectus sheath: features
- vertical mm enclosed by layers of flat ab mm aponeuroses (ext/ int and transversus abdominis)
51
rectus sheath: upper 2/3
ant:
- ext oblique
- half int oblique
post:
- half int oblique
- transversus abdominis
52
rectus sheath: lower 1/3
ant:
- ext/ int oblique
- transversus abdominis
post:
- ab mm direct contact w extraperitoneal fascia
53
extraperitoneal fascia:
- layer of ct
| - separates transversalis fascia from peritoneum
54
peritoneum:
serous membrane covering abdominal cavity
55
nerve supply: T7-9
- supplies skin from xiphoid process to just above umbilicus
56
nerve supply: T11, 12, L1
supply skin just below umbilicus to and incl pubic region
57
nerve supply: ilio-inguinal n (of L1)
supplies ant surface of scrotum/ labia majora
| - also small cutaneous branch to thigh
58
blood supply: list superficially
- musculophrenic aa
- superficial epigastric aa
- superficial circumflex iliac aa
59
superficial blood supply: musculophrenic aa features
- branches supplies superior part of wall
| - is terminal branch of int thoracic aa
60
superficial blood supply: superficial epigastric aa features
supplies inf part of wall
- medially placed
- branch of femoral aa
61
superficial blood supply: superficial circumflex iliac aa features
supplies inf part of wall
- laterally places
- branch of femoral aa
62
deep blood supply: list deep ones
- superior epigastric aa
- 10/11th intercostal aa
- inf epigastric aa
- deep circumflex iliac aa
63
deep blood supply: sup epigastric aa
- supplies superior part of wall
| - terminal branch of internal thoracic aa
64
deep blood supply: 10/11th intercostal aa
- supplies lateral part
| - and subcostal aa
65
deep blood supply: inf epigastric aa
- supplies inf part of wall
| - branch of ext iliac aa
66
deep blood supply: deep circumflex iliac aa
- supplies inf part of wall
- laterally places
- branch of ext iliac aa
67
superficial lymphatic drainage: above umbilicus
axillae
68
superficial lymphatic drainage: below umbilicus
superficial inguinal nodes
69
deep lymphatic drainage: list main nodes
- parasternal nodes
- lumbar nodes
- ext iliac nodes
70
deep lymphatic drainage: parasternal nodes features
- follows deep aa
| - along thoracic aa
71
deep lymphatic drainage: lumbar nodes features
- follows deep aa
| - along abdominal aorta
72
deep lymphatic drainage: ext iliac nodes features
- follows deep aa
| - along ext iliac aa
73
inguinal region: general features
- area of weakness in inf part of anterolateral ab wall
| - weakness due to development/ descend of gonads
74
inguinal region: development of inguinal canal
- gubernaculum pulls testis down through abdomen layers
- processus vaginalis forms
- deep/ superficial inguinal ring
- spermatic cord travels through
75
deep inguinal ring:
beginning of canal w invagination of transversalis fascia
| - forms internal spermatic fascia of spermatic cord
76
superficial inguinal ring:
opening formed by aponeurosis of ext oblique mm
| - forms ext spermatic fascia
77
list boundaries of inguinal canal:
- ant wall
- post wall
- floor
- roof
78
inguinal canal: ant wall
ext oblique abdominis
79
inguinal canal: post wall
transversalis fascia
80
inguinal canal: floor
poupart lig
81
inguinal canal: roof
lower edges of int oblique and transversus abdominis mm
82
inguinal canal: contents male
- spermatic cord
| - ilioinguinal n
83
inguinal canal: contents female
round lig of uterus
84
spermatic cord: list fascia
- int spermatic fascia
- cremasteric fascia
- ext spermatic fascia
85
spermatic cord: int spermatic fascia from
transversalis fascia
86
spermatic cord: cremasteric fascia from
int oblique mm
87
spermatic cord: ext spermatic fascia
aponeurosis of ext oblique mm
88
spermatic cord: list contents (8)
- ductus deferens
- aa to ductus deferens
- testicular aa
- pampiniform plexus of veins
- cremasteric aa/ v
- genital branch of genitofemoral nn
- autonomic/ visceral afferent n fibres
- lymphatics
89
indirect inguinal hernia: features
- aka congenital
- most common
- not sufficiently closed inguinal canal
- causes ab contents enter into scrotum
- lateral to inf epigastric vessels (IEV)
90
direct inguinal hernia: features
- aka acquired
- protrudes weakened ab wall
- medial to inf epigastric vessels (IEV)
- hernial sac formed by transversalis fascia
91
Hesselbach's triangle:
common area where direct inguinal hernias occur
92
Hesselbach's triangle: boundaries
inf: inguinal lig
laterally: ing epigastric aa
medially: rectus abdominis
93
femoral hernia:
- most common in females (wider hips)
- into femoral triangle
- requires surgery
94
abdominal quadrants:
- upper L
- upper R
- lower L
- lower R
vertical: median plane
horizontal: transumbilical plane
95
abdominal regions: (3)
- epigastric
- periumbilical
- pelvic
96
anatomical regions: vertical planes
midclavicular lines
97
anatomical regions: horizontal planes
- subcostal (passing inf border of 10th costal cartilages)
| - transtubercular (passing iliac tubercles and body of L5 vertebra)
