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3. HLTH 213 > Head and neck: Cranial nerves I > Flashcards

Head and neck: Cranial nerves I Flashcards

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1
Q

which CN do not pass through brainstem?

A

CN I and II

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2
Q

which CN originated/ enter the brainstem?

A

CN III - XII

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3
Q

name CN I - XII

A 
I olfactory
II optic
III occulomotor
IV trochlear
V trigeminal
VI abducens
VII facial
VIII vestibulocochlear
IX glossopharyngeal
X vagus
XI accessory
XII hypoglossal
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4
Q

enter/ exit features: CN I

A
  • olfactory n pass cribiform plate - form olfactory bulb

- pass as olfactory tract to limbic lobe

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5
Q

enter/ exit features: CN II

A
  • optic n exits retina through optic canal

- nasal fibres cross optic chiasm and pass optic tract -> thalamus in brain

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6
Q

enter/ exit features: CN III - XII

A
  • enter/ exit skull to/from brainstem through foramina

- enclosed in sheath from meninges inside and outside cranium (to extent)

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7
Q

CN III - XII: feature

A
  • have brainstem nuclei

- contains and process different functions of cranial n

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8
Q

cranial nerves: define nucleus

A

collection of neuronal cell bodies within CNS

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9
Q

cranial nerves: define ganglion

A

cluster of neuronal cell bodies in PNS

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10
Q

cranial nerves: efferent fibre types- name

A
  • outgoing ‘motor’
  • GSE
  • GVE
  • SVE
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11
Q

cranial nerves: afferent fibre types- name

A
  • coming in ‘sensory’
  • GSA
  • GVA
  • SVA
  • SSA
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12
Q

cranial nerves: efferent fibre types- GSE

A

general somatic efferent:

- inn general motor tissues (muscle)

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13
Q

cranial nerves: efferent fibre types- GVE

A

general visceral efferent:

  • have parasympathetic function
  • secretions of glands, dilate pupils etc.
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14
Q

cranial nerves: efferent fibre types- SVE

A

special visceral efferent:

- motor fibres inn special branchiomeric mm of head and neck: mm of mastication and facial expression

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15
Q

cranial nerves: afferent fibre types- GSA

A

general somatic afferent:

  • sensory input from head and neck (minimal body)
  • trigeminal nucleus major input
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16
Q

cranial nerves: afferent fibre types- GVA

A

general visceral afferent:

  • sensory input + input from specialised sensory receptors
  • barareceptors
  • chemoreceptors
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17
Q

cranial nerves: afferent fibre types- SVA

A

special visceral afferent:

- sensory input for taste

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18
Q

cranial nerves: afferent fibre types- SSA

A

special somatic afferent:

- sensory input of info about hearing and equilibrium

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19
Q

distribution: general somatic efferent (GSE)

A
  • skeletal mm of orbit, tongue, SCM, trapezius
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20
Q

distribution: special visceral efferent (SVE)

A
  • mm of mastication
  • skeletal mm of face, palate, larynx, pharynx
  • mm from pharyngeal arches
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21
Q

distribution: general visceral efferent (GVE)

A
  • parasym supply to smooth mm and glands of head, neck, trunk
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22
Q

distribution: general visceral afferent (GVA)

A

sensation from viscera- carotid body and sinus, pharynx, larynx, airways, lungs, heart, GIT

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23
Q

distribution: general somatic afferent (GSA)

A
  • general sensation (touch, pressure, temp etc.) from skin and mucous membranes of head
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24
Q

distribution: special visceral afferent (SVA)

A
  • taste

- smell

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25
distribution: special somatic afferent (SSA)
- vision - hearing - balance
26
CN have motor or sensory: olfactory
CN I | - sensory
27
CN have motor or sensory: optic
CN II | - sensory
28
CN have motor or sensory: occulomotor
CN III | - motor
29
CN have motor or sensory: trochlear
CN IV | - motor
30
CN have motor or sensory: trigeminal (opthalmic, maxillary, mandibular)
CN V - motor - sensory
31
CN have motor or sensory: abducens
CN VI | - motor
32
CN have motor or sensory: facial
CN VII - motor - sensory
33
CN have motor or sensory: vestibulococchlear
CN VIII | - sensory
34
CN have motor or sensory: glossopharyngeal
CN IX - motor - sensory
35
CN have motor or sensory: vagus
CN X - motor - sensory
36
CN have motor or sensory: accessory
CN XI | - motor
37
CN have motor or sensory: glossopharyngeal
CN XII | - motor
38
CN: parasympathetics- features
- CN III, VII, IX, X - pre/post ganglionic fibres - pre: cell bodies in CNS - post: cell bodies outside CNS, ganglia close to structures they're inn
39
parasympathetic ganglia: for occulomotor
CN III | - ciliary
40
parasympathetic ganglia: for facial
CN V - pterygopalatine ganglion - submandibular ganglion
41
parasympathetic ganglia: glossopharyngeal
CN IX | - otic ganglion
42
parasympathetic ganglia: vagus
CN X | - many, close to the organ supplied by brainches
43
olfactory nerve: part of CNS n enters/ exits
- limbic lobe of brain
44
CN I olfactory nerve: part of skull n enters/ exits
- foramina in cribiform plate of ethmoid bone
45
CN I olfactory nerve: site of cell bodies
- olfactory epithelium
46
CN I olfactory nerve: function
- smell from roof of nasal cavity | - sup aspect of nasal septum and sup conchae
47
eg. anosmia:
loss of sense of smell - old age - head injuries w cribiform plate - fractures - meningeomas in ant cranial fossa
48
eg. olfactory hallucinations
- false perception of smell | - result of lesion in temporal lobe
49
CN II optic nerve: enters/ exit skull
- optic canal
50
CN II optic nerve: enters/ exit CNS
- occipital lobe -> primary visual cortex
51
CN II optic nerve: features
- optic n - optic chiasm - optic tracts
52
CN II optic nerve: site of cell bodies
- retinal ganglion | - support cell axons create optic n
53
CN II optic nerve: function
- vision | - perceives lights and colours -> intergrates them centrally to create vision
54
CN II optic nerve: briefly describe visual field (R and L)
- temporal (lateral) retina and nasal (medial) retina - R visual field from L temporal and R nasal - L visual field from L nasal and R temporal
55
CN II optic nerve: which optic nerves cross/ don't
cross: - L nasal - R nasal don't: - L temporal - R temporal
56
eg. papillodema:
- indicator of increased brain pressure - CSF buildup - brain tumour etc. - compresses central vein and suppresses venous return from retina
57
eg. visual fields: R monocular blindness
- cut at R optic nerves (before chiasm) - no vision in R eye - L eye unaffected
58
eg. visual fields: bitemporal hemianopsia
- lesion in optic chiasm: no crossing over - nasal visual field inaffected in both eyes - no temporal (peripheral vision)
59
eg. visual fields: L homonymous hemianopsia
- lesion in R optic tract - no L temporal and no R nasal visual field - L nasal and R temporal visual field unaffected
60
CN III occulomotor nerve: enters/ exits skull
- superior orbital fissure
61
CN III occulomotor nerve: enters/ exits CNS
- midbrain pierces dura | - enters and passes in lateral wall of cavernous sinus
62
CN III occulomotor nerve: site of cell bodies (fibre types)
- GSE: midbrain | - GVE: presynaptic (midbrain), postsynaptic (ciliary ganglion)
63
CN III occulomotor nerve: function (fibre types)
- GSE: supplies 4 extraocular mm (sup/ medial/ inf rectus, inf oblique) + levator palpebrae superioris - GVE: sphincter pupillae, ciliary mm of eye
64
CN III occulomotor nerve- mm action: sup rectus
- elevation - adduction - medial rotation of eyeball
65
CN III occulomotor nerve- mm action: inf rectus
- depression - adduction - lateral rotation of eyeball
66
CN III occulomotor nerve- mm action: medial rectus
- adduction of eyeball
67
CN III occulomotor nerve- mm action: inf oblique
- moves eyeball up and out
68
CN III occulomotor nerve- mm action: constrictor pupillae
- constricts pupil
69
CN III occulomotor nerve- mm action: levator palpebrae superioris
- elevation of upper eyelid
70
CN III occulomotor nerve- mm action: ciliary mm
- contricts ciliary body | - relaxes tension on lens = allowing for accomodation
71
eg. light reflex: normal
- both pupils constrict
72
eg. light reflex: CN III lesion
- loss of consensual pupillary light reflex | - only 1 pupil constricted (shined on)
73
eg. light reflex: CN II lesion
- loss of direct pupillary light reflex | - not shined on pupil constricts
74
CN IV trochlear nerve: enters/ exits skull
- superior orbital fissure
75
CN IV trochlear nerve: enters/ exits CNS
- midbrain (only CN emerging dorsally from brainstem) | - pierces dura and passes in the lateral wall of cavernous sinus
76
CN IV trochlear nerve: site of cell bodies
- midbrain
77
CN IV trochlear nerve: function (fibre types)
- GSE: supplies sup oblique mm (eye 'down and out')
78
CN V trigeminal nerve: enters/ exits skull
- V1: sup orbital fissure - V2: foramen rotundum - V3: foramen ovale
79
CN V trigeminal nerve: enters/ exits CNS
- pons
80
CN V trigeminal nerve: site of cell bodies
- sensory fibres: trigeminal ganglion | - motor fibres: pons
81
CN V trigeminal nerve: divisions (V1 etc)
V1: opthalmic V2: maxillary V3: mandibular
82
CN V trigeminal nerve: function (V1)
opthalmic GSA sensory from: - cornea - skin of forehead - scalp - eyelids - nose - mucous membranes of nasal cavity - paranasal sinuses
83
CN V trigeminal nerve: function (V2)
maxillary GSA sensory from: skin over: maxilla - upper lip - upper row of teeth and gums - mucous membranes of nose, maxillary sinuses, palate
84
CN V trigeminal nerve: function (V3)
mandibular GSA sensory from: skin over: - lower part of face - jaw - lower lip - lower row of teeth and gums - TMJ - mucous membranes of mouth - ant 2/3 of tongue SVE motor to: - mm of mastication, mylohyoid, ant belly digastric, tensor veli palatini, tensor tympani
85
CN V trigeminal nerve branches: ophthalmic
- tentorial - lacrimal - frontal (supraorbital, supratrochlear) - nasociliary (short/ long ciliary, infratrochlear, ant/ post ethmoidal etc.)
86
CN V trigeminal nerve branches: maxillary
- orbital branches - greater/ lesser palatine n - nasal n - pharyngeal n - zygomatic - ant/ post/ middle superior alveolar n - infraorbital n
87
CN V trigeminal nerve branches: mandibular
- motor + sensory roots = meningeal branch, n to medial pterygoid then divides into: - ant trunk (buccal, masseteric, deep temporal, n to lateral pterygoid) - post trunk (auriculotemporal, lingual, inf alveolar n)
88
CN VI abducens nerve: enters/ exits skull
- sup orbital fissure
89
CN VI abducens nerve: enters/ exits CNS
- btw pons and medulla, has longest course of CN | - also pierce dura and passes through cavernous sinus
90
CN VI abducens nerve: site of cell bodies
pons
91
CN VI abducens nerve: function (fibre types)
- GSE: supplies lateral rectus mm (abducts eye)
92
eg. abducens palsy
- contraction of lateral rectus mm | - doesn't allow eye to turn outward

3. HLTH 213 (22 decks)

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