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ABDOMINOPELVIC Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the three parts of the small intestine

A

1) Duodenum (25cm)
2) Jejunum (2.5cm)
3) lleum (3.5cm)

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2
Q

What are the 4 digestive tract layers of the stomach wall

A

Mucosa
Sub Mucosa
Muscularis Externa
Serous

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3
Q

what does plucae circulares do?

A

Increase surface area

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4
Q

What do intestinal villi do?

A

Further increase surface area

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5
Q

What are the three sections of the large intestine?

A

Ascending colon, transverse colon and descending colon

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6
Q

What is the large intestines function?

A

1) Absorption of water
2) Absorption of remaining nutrients 3) compacts minerals into faeces
4) storage

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7
Q

What does the appendix do?

A

Small immune function and small storage of flora

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8
Q

What does the lleocecal valve do and where is it found?

A

It allows your waste products to move from the small intestine to the large intestine and it is found in the large intestine

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9
Q

Is involuntary smooth muscle or skeletal muscle?

A

Smooth muscle

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10
Q

Is voluntary skeletal muscle or smooth muscle?

A

Skeletal muscle

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11
Q

What are the three regions of the gallbladder?

A

Fundus neck and body

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12
Q

What is peritoneum and it’s three section

A

peritoneum is a membrane that lines the peritoneal cavity or the Coelomic cavity. Its three layers are peritoneal cavity (inner), visceral peritoneum (lines organs) and parietal peritoneum (lines body walls)

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13
Q

Is the pharynx for food, liquid and air?

A

Yes

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14
Q

Is the oesophagus food, liqud or air or more than one?

A

Food and liquid

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15
Q

What does the trachea carry?

A

Air

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16
Q

What are the three sections of the pharynx

A

Neopharynx oropharynx and larynogopharynx

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17
Q

What does the epiglottis do?

A

Prevents passage of food and liquid into the lungs

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18
Q

What are the four layers of the oesophagus?

A

mucosa, sub mucosa, muscularis and adventita.

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19
Q

What is chyme and where is it stored?

A

Chyme is a pulpy acidic fluid which passes from the stomach into the small intestine consisting of gastric juices and partially digested food.

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20
Q

What and where is the pyloric sphincter?

A

A muscular valve at the bottom of the stomach marking the transition into the small intestine

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21
Q

What are the two types of diabetes and how are they caused?

A

Type one is where the pancreas unable to produce insulin due to loss of better cells. Type two is where better cell consume or become exhausted and eventually die (more common 80-90% of cases)

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22
Q

What is the pancreas’s job?

A

Produce digestive juices, insulin and hormones

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23
Q

Is the left right lobe of the liver bigger?

A

Right

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24
Q

What are the three layers of the ureter wall?

A

Inner Mucosa, muscle layer and outer connective tissue.

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25
What is a nephron and the two
A nephron is a microscopic functional unit of the kidney. The two types are critical nephrons 85% and Juxtamedullary 15%.
26
Which one of the internal and external sphincters of the urinary bladder are smooth muscle and which is skeletal
Smooth = internal (involuntary) Skeletal = external (voluntary)
27
What are the two types of digestion patterns?
Mechanical and chemical
28
What are the three layers of muscularis externa (layer of stomach wall)
1) longitudinal (outer) 2) circular (middle) 3) oblique (inner)
29
Why does peristalsis occur
To move food through the digestive tract
30
Why does segmentation occur?
To mix the food during digestion
31
What are the key features in the small intestine that increase surface area?
Length, pulcae circulares, intestinal villi and mircovilli
32
In the mucosa what do goblet cells do and what absorbs nutrients?
Goblet cells secrete mucous Epithelial cells absorb nutrients
33
In the submucosa what do blood vessels do?
Absorb sugars and amino acids
34
What does the cecum do
Collects and stores material from lleum and lleocecal valve controls passage
35
What is the appendix’s job?
Small immune function and small storage of gut flora
36
What is exocrine and endocrine (Tip = pancreas)
exocrine = secretes pancreatic juice into duodenum Endocrine = regulates blood sugar levels
37
What intestine wall is thinner?
Large intestine
38
What is the rectums job?
Expandable and temporary storage
39
What is the pancreatic duct and pancreatic juice?
The pancreatic duct delivers pancreatic secretions to the duodenum. Epithelial cells lining duct secrete water and irons which mix with secretions of exocrine glands to form the pancreatic juice
40
What is the duodenal papilla
We are pancreatic duct means meets bow duct to get inside of the duodenum
41
What arteries supply the pancreas?
Splenic artery and superior mesenteric artery
42
What veins drain the pancreas?
Splenic vein and superior mesenteric vein
43
What organ supplies oxygenated blood to
Common hepatic artery
44
What are the functions of the
Producing bow duct, metabolism Detoxification, vitamins, minerals and energy storage, protein synthesis and immune functions
45
What is the hepatipancreatic sphincter and where is it found?
It is how bile enters duodenum, the sphincter has to be open (after eating) and it is found between the pancreas and duodenum.
46
What are the two types of gallstones?
1) Cholesterol stones (cholesterol) 2) pigment stones (bile salts) Become a problem if they migrate to common bile duct
47
48
What cells monitor blood oxygen levels in the kidney?
Endocrine cells
49
what are the 5 main organs of the urinary system?
Kidneys ureter, bladder, urethra and regulatory, nerves and muscle
50
What are the 7 important parts of nephron from filtrate —> progression
1) renal corpuscle, glomerulus 2) proximal convoluted tubule 3) descending limp of nephron loop 4) ascending limb of nephron loop 5) distal convulated tubule (DCT) 6) collecting duct 7) papillary duct
51
What are the three layers of the urethra wall?
Inner mucosa, muscle layer, outer connective tissue
52
What are two sphincters of the urethra
Internal sphincter and external sphincter
53
List the correct sequence that blood flows through the kidney? (1) Aorta Renal vein, Inferior Vena Cava Afferent arteriole, Peritubular capillaries, Glomerulus, Renal artery Efferent arteriole)
1) Aorta 2) Renal artery 3) Afferent arteriole 4) Glomerulus 5) Efferent arteriole 6) Peritubular capillaries 7) Renal vein 8) Inferior Vena Cava
54
What organs are found in the true and false pelvis?
True = reproductive False = abdominal
55
What are four differences used to identify the difference between a female and male pelvis?
1) coccyx is hope shape and males and straight in females 2) female pelvic inlet is narrower for males and wider for female 3) pelvic inlet is heart shaped for males in circular for females 4) pubic angle, 100 degrees for female and 90 degrees in males
56
What are the three hormones and what gender do they align?
Testosterone- males Estrogen - females Progesterone- females (pregnancy)
57
Where is sperm produced?
Testes
58
59
Where are oocytes produced?
Ovaries
60
What are these organs jobs? Testes, epididymis, ductus deferens ejaculatory duct, urethra, penis, scrotum
Testes = where sperm is produced Epididymis = place where sperm is stored and matures Ductus deferens = tube, transports sperm. Ejaculatory duct = delivers sperm to urethra Urethra = shared urine and semen Penis = puts semen into female tract Scrotum = houses the testes outside the body
61
What is gonad?
An organ that produces gametes (producing sperm)
62
What is an erection?
Where blood is restricted from leaving the corpora cavernosa and the corpus spongiosum.
63
What are these organs jobs? Vagina, cervix, uterus, uterine tubes, ovaries
Vagina = where sperm is deposited during insemination Cervix = small aperture, ring like structure that sits between the vagina and the body of the uterus. Dilates to 10cm during child birth. Uterus = the birth canal Uterine tube = location where sperm and oocyte meet Ovaries = produce oocytes
64
What are fimbriae?
Structures on the end of a uterine tube that pick up ovulated oocytes
65
Layers of the uterus
- Perimetrium (outer) - Myometrium (middle) (thick muscular layer) - Endometrium (inner) (layer that is built up and shed each month during menstruation
66
Main hormone secreted during follicular phase of ovarian cycle
Estrogen
67
Main hormone secreted during luteal phase of ovarian cycle
Progesterone

ANAT101 (2 decks)

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