ABE50 - MACHINERY AND MECHANIZATION

Question 1

Meaning of the acronym PAES

Answer 1

PHILIPPINE AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING STANDARDS

Question 2

Meaning of acronym AMTEC

Answer 2

Agricultural Machinery Testing and Evaluation Center

Question 3

PAES # for Guidelines on After-Sales Service – Specifications (use format xxx:year)

Answer 3

PAES 138:2004

Question 4

PAES # for Agricultural Machinery – Four-Wheel Tractor – Specifications (use format xxx:year)

Answer 4

PAES 118:2001

Question 5

PAES # for Agricultural Machinery – Rubber Roll for rice Mill- Methods of Test(use (use format xxx:year for ALL PAES)

Answer 5

PAES 215:2004

Question 6

PNS/PAES # for Farm to Market Roads (Earth, Gravel, Bituminous, Concrete)

Answer 6

PNS/PAES 421:2009

Question 7

PAES # for Agricultural Machinery-Sugarcane Planter-Methods of Test

Answer 7

PAES 160:2011

Question 8

PNS/BAFS/PAES # for Design of a Diversion Dam

Answer 8

PNS/BAFS/PAES 229:2017

Question 9

PAES # for Agricultural Machinery-Coconut Coir Decorticator-Specifications?

Answer 9

PAES # for Agricultural Machinery-Coconut Coir Decorticator-Specifications?

Question 10

PNS/BAFS/PAES for General Irrigation Terminologies

Answer 10

216:2017

Question 11

PAES # for Agricultural Machinery – Small Engine – Methods of Test?

Answer 11

PAES 117:2000

Question 12

PAES # for Agricultural Machinery – Disc Plow – Specifications

Answer 12

PAES 121:2001

Question 13

It embraces the use of tools, implement and machines for agricultural land development, production, harvesting, and post-production processes. It includes three main power sources: human, animal and mechanical

Answer 13

Agricultural mechanization

Question 14

Model of Mechanization which is motivated into increasing the level of mechanization in order to cultivate large agricultural lands with limited available manpower and take advantage of favorable agricultural commodity prices. Thailand, Malaysia, and Indonesia follow the USA model.

Answer 14

High land area to farmer ratio

Question 15

Model of Mechanization which is motivated into increasing the level of mechanization in order to increase yields and cropping intensities to meet the growing demands for food and agricultural raw materials. South Korea, China, Taiwan, Sri Lanka, and the Philippines follow the Japanese model

Answer 15

Low land area to farmer ratio

Question 16

Low land area to farmer ratio

Answer 16

Import substitution

Question 17

Mechanization must result in more _______ at lower cost than the traditional method - to justify the equipment cost, divert displaced labor to more productive operations.

Answer 17

production

Question 18

Mechanization must replace______ and energy efficiently – should be less than those required with the use of hand tools

Answer 18

time

Question 19

Tractors, power tillers, irrigation pumps, harvesters and threshers increase _____________________.

Answer 19

cropping intensities

Question 20

The grouping together of small parcels of land comprising a contiguous area and reforming the boundaries for the purpose of effecting suitable field shapes and sizes conducive to efficient operation of agricultural machinery, building access roads, field irrigation and drainage canals as well as allotting spaces for crop postharvest processing structures.

Answer 20

Land Consolidation

Question 21

The grouping together of farms in an area (initially forming a minimum of 50-ha cluster) for synchronized farming operations from land preparationto harvesting in cooperation or contract with agricultural mechanized operations service providers for the purpose of making field operations efficient and thus, effect low cost, timely, and professional or high quality services to the benefit also of the farmers forming the cluster.

Answer 21

Farm Clustering

Question 22

Country where there is reduction in human labor at rice production from 1050 hrs/ha to 300 hrs/ha

Answer 22

Japan

Question 23

Level of mechanization where the operation is done with the use of non-mechanical power source such as man and animal.

Answer 23

Low Mechanization

Question 24

Level of mechanization where *the operations are done with the use of mechanical power source with limited human intervention such as computerized machines or robots.

Answer 24

Full Mechanization

Question 25

Year of passage of RA 8559 (The Philippine Agricultural Engineering Act of _____) an act regulating the practice of Agricultural Engineering in the Philippines which upgrade the practice of Agricultural Engineering profession in the country and accelerate agricultural modernization through adequate and well trained professional engineers.

Answer 25

1998

Question 26

The oldest source of power in the farm

Answer 26

Human power

Question 27

The greatest invention of man.

Answer 27

Wheel

Question 28

Develops power of human working continuously under favorable conditions (good health, well fed, and favorable environment) (kW and 4 decimal places)

Answer 28

0.0746

Question 29

The most efficient means of converting energy into mechanical energy compared to gasoline and diesel engines.

Answer 29

Electric motor

Question 30

Maximum thermal Efficiency range of ICE?

Answer 30

36%

Question 31

Average solar constant at an average earth-sun distance of 1.496x1011 m (in W/m2)

Answer 31

1368

Question 32

It is the consistent inclination of earth’s axis of spin with respect to plane of its orbit (23.45 o)

Answer 32

Parallelism

Question 33

Power that can be generated from the movement of masses of water. Movement in the form of kinetic energy can be converted into mechanical energy which can then be used to drive agricultural and industrial equipment

Answer 33

Hydro Power

Question 34

Type of hydraulic turbine that has adjustable runner blades and may or may not have adjustable guide-vanes

Answer 34

Kaplan

Question 35

Motion of air caused by the uneven heating of the earth’s surface by the sun and the rotation of the earth (Coriolis’ effect)

Answer 35

Wind

Question 36

A double-axle machine powered by an engine ranging from 15 hp to over 100 hp.

Answer 36

Four-wheel tractor

Question 37

Second major component of the tractor. It provides draft power through the wheels, rotary power through the PTO and lifting power through the hydraulic system.

Answer 37

Transmission System

Question 38

Start a smooth delivery of power to the transmission. Interrupt power while the transmission gear ratio is being changed and interrupt power when the tractor is to be stopped

Answer 38

CLUTCH

Question 39

Any physical soil manipulation which changes the structure of the soil, kills weeds, and rearranges dead plant materials

Answer 39

Tillage

Question 40

Initial cutting, breaking and usually inversion of the soil. Implements used are moldboard, disc and chisel plows and subsoilers cutting the soil to a depth of 6” to 36”. Often referred to as plowing.

Answer 40

Primary Tillage

Question 41

Subsequent breaking, pulverization and levelling of the soil making it ready for planting. Implements used are disc, spike-tooth and spring-tooth harrows preparing the soil to a depth of 3” to 6”. Often referred to as harrowing.

Answer 41

Secondary Tillage

Question 42

Soil cut, lifted, inverted and thrown to one side of the plow bottom

Answer 42

Furrowslice

Question 43

One of the oldest and most important agricultural equipment for land preparation. It cuts the soil to a depth of 6” to 18 “.

Answer 43

Moldboard Plow

Question 44

Bend outward or sideward of the point of the share towards the unplowed land to make the plow cut the proper width.

Answer 44

Horizontal Clearance

Question 45

Designed to plant seeds continuously in rows with row spacing greater than 36 cm

Answer 45

Row-crop drill planter

Question 46

Designed to scatter the seeds uniformly over the surface of the field without definite rows and hills. Seeds are covered by harrowing.

Answer 46

Broadcaster

Question 47

1st major part of a mechanical planter based on mechanical functions of a planter

Answer 47

Furrow Opener

Question 48

2nd major part of a mechanical planter based on mechanical functions of a planter

Answer 48

Metering device

Question 49

3rd major part of a mechanical planter based on mechanical functions of a planter

Answer 49

Seed delivery tube

Question 50

4th and last major part of a mechanical planter based on mechanical functions of a planter

Answer 50

Furrow closer

Question 51

When Agricultural Engineer calibrates a sprayer, he ________

Answer 51

measures and adjust its application rate

Question 52

A machine that breaks the liquid droplets of effective size and distributes them uniformly over the surface or space to be protected, and regulates the amount of chemical solution to avoid excessive application that might prove harmful or wasteful

Answer 52

Sprayer

Question 53

Primary factor that affects the performance of the sprayer.

Answer 53

Spray-particle size

Question 54

It is a sprayer apparatus consisting of pressure source and controls and specifically employing an over-the-crop boom with automizer arranged to provide uniform coverage of the treated surfaces.

Answer 54

Boom sprayer

Question 55

A field sprayer that is being carried at the back by means of a shoulder straps

Answer 55

Knapsack sprayer

Question 56

A mechanical or thermal device that produces a liquid dispersion having a volume median diameter of less than 50 um.

Answer 56

Aerosol generator

Question 57

An apparatus, which consists of a hopper, a metering unit, and a distribution device, that uses either gravity, centrifugal force, or pendulum action to spread granules to the surface of the entire area to be treated.

Answer 57

Broadcast spreader

Question 58

A machine that cuts rice stalks and places them on a windrow where they are gathered and bound into sheaves and carried to a thresher.

Answer 58

Reaper

Question 59

A machine that involves the combing the grain from the plant while the plant remain anchored.

Answer 59

Stripper harvester

Question 60

A machine that detaches the grain from a panicle.

Answer 60

Thresher

Question 61

A machine used in separating the kernels from the cob.

Answer 61

Sheller

Question 62

The part of a rice thresher which encloses the threshing cylinder and allows the separation of the grains from the panicle.

Answer 62

Concave

Question 63

A type of a mechanical thresher in which rice stalks are fed into the threshing chamber while the stalks are either mechanically- or manually-held during threshing operation.

Answer 63

Hold-on thresher

Question 64

A type of mechanical rice thresher which detaches and separates the grains from the panicles by feeding the rice-in-stalks into the machine.

Answer 64

Throw in thresher

Question 65

A type of throw-in thresher wherein rice-in-stalks are fed in between the cylinder and the concave and go directly out of the threshing chamber.

Answer 65

Throw in thresher

Question 66

A type of throw-in thresher which moves the materials being threshed in a helical manner around the threshing cylinder.

Answer 66

Axial flow thresher

Question 67

Factors affecting the power requirement of a rice thresher.

Answer 67

All of the above

Question 68

It is the ratio of the weight of clean threshed grain to the grain input

Answer 68

Threshing recovery

Question 69

The center to center distance between overlapping broadcast applications

Answer 69

Swath

Question 70

A gas, a liquid, or a solid used to propel or transport chemical

Answer 70

Carrier

Question 71

The amount paid for hiring equipment and operating services to perform a certain task.

Answer 71

Custom cost

Question 72

The amount of any material applied per unit treated by a sprayer.

Answer 72

Application rate

Question 73

A harvest residue discharged from cleaning devices of a combine

Answer 73

Chaffs

Question 74

ASAE stands for __________.

Answer 74

American Society of Agricultural Engineers

Question 75

It is a factor which considers the physical condition, heart-beat ratio, and body weight of a person when operating a machine

Answer 75

Ergonomic factor

Question 76

Ten-hectares of rice farm is to be harvested manually in 2 days using sickle (8hr/day). If the field efficiency is 80 % and the man-hour/hectare for harvesting is 60, how many persons will be needed to harvest the rice?

Answer 76

47 persons

Question 77

It is the ratio of the heat released by the fuel of a heated air mechanical dryer to the theoretical heat available from the fuel.

Answer 77

Combustion efficiency

Question 78

Commonly used threshing cylinder for axial flow rice thresher.

Answer 78

Peg-tooth

Question 79

A centrifugal pump that develops a vacuum sufficient enough for atmospheric pressure to force the liquid though the suction pipes into the pump casing without initially feeding the pump to create suction.

Answer 79

Self-priming pump

Question 80

A type of pump which develop most of the suction and discharge head by propelling or lifting action of the impeller vanes on the water.

Answer 80

Axial flow pump

Question 81

This represents the interrelationship between capacity, head, power, NPSH, and the efficiency of the pump.

Answer 81

Performance curve

Question 82

A type of pump with vanes or impellers rotating inside a close housing which draws water into the pump through a central inlet opening and forces the water out through a discharge outlet at the periphery of the housing.

Answer 82

Centrifugal pump

Question 83

A type of pump which combines some of the feature of both the centrifugal and axial pump and in which head is developed partly by the centrifugal force and partly by the lift of the vanes on the water.

Answer 83

Mixed flow pump

Question 84

A period in drying process where drying takes place from the surface of the grain similar to evaporation from a free water surface.

Answer 84

Constant drying rate period

Question 85

A period in drying process where drying rate depends on the rate of moisture diffusion from the middle to the surface of the grain.

Answer 85

Falling drying rate period

Question 86

Rice milling operation where there is a removal of the hull from the paddy to produce brown rice.

Answer 86

Hulling

Question 87

Rice milling operation where there is a removal of the bran layer from brown rice by scraping

Answer 87

Whitening

Question 88

Percentage of endosperm in a Rice Paddy?

Answer 88

72

Question 89

Percentage of hull in a Rice Paddy

Answer 89

22

Question 90

The income from custom work, time and cost savings, value of yields, salvage value.

Answer 90

Benefits

Question 91

This includes charges for the use of the machine; power, fuel and oil utilized; and labor used.

Answer 91

Costs

Question 92

The width prescribe by the manufacturer.

Answer 92

Theoretical Width

Question 93

The width of actual field work. It is usually obtained by dividing the width of the field by the number of passes/strokes of operation

Answer 93

Actual Width

Question 94

Area over Time

Answer 94

Effective Field Capacity

Question 95

The moisture content as a percentage of fresh weight of the sample.

Answer 95

Moisture content wet basis

Question 96

The process of removing available water from the grains through evaporation by applying heated air.

Answer 96

Drying

Question 97

The minimum number of hours required in testing rice thresher based on PAES

Answer 97

1

Question 98

The maximum moisture content of grain to be used for testing mechanical thresher should not be more than _____?

Answer 98

24

Question 99

It is the filling up of water in the pump to evacuate the entrapped air through a vent and create a liquid seal inside the casing.

Answer 99

Priming

Question 100

Warranty for the construction and durability of mechanical rice thresher according to PAES standard shall be within _____ months after the purchased of the machine.

Answer 100

6