Structural Design Fundamentals

Question 1

It is the pressure exerted by the wind on a surface that is perpendicular to its direction.

Answer 1

Positive Pressure

Question 2

It is when moving air causes, a “suction effect” on the leeward side. The direction of this pressure is outwards.

Answer 2

Negative Pressure

Question 3

It is the side which surface is perpendicular to the wind direction.

Answer 3

Windward

Question 4

It is the side opposite the windward side.

Answer 4

Leeward

Question 5

Surfaces that are parallel to the wind
direction can be subjected to positive and negative pressures and aerodynamic drag forces acting parallel to the wind direction.

Answer 5

Drag

Question 6

A 3-second gust speed at 33 ft above the ground for a certain exposure and mean recurrence interval.

Answer 6

Basic Wind Speed, v

Question 7

A structure having all walls at least 80% open.

Answer 7

Open Building

Question 8

A building that complies with both of the following conditions:
1. Total area of the openings in a wall that receives positive external pressure exceeds the sum of the area of openings in the balance of the building envelopes by more than 10%.

2. The total area of the openings in a wall that receives positive external
   pressure exceeds 4 sqft or 1% of the area of the wall, whichever is smaller, and the percentage of openings in the balance of the building envelopes does not exceed 20%.

Answer 8

Partially Enclosed Building

Question 9

A building that does not comply with the requirements for open or partially enclosed buildings.

Answer 9

Enclosed Building

Question 10

Enclosed or partially enclosed buildings that comply with the following conditions:
1. Mean roof height h less than or equal to 60 ft.

2. Mean roof height h does not exceed the least horizontal dimension.

Answer 10

Low-rise Building

Question 11

A factor that accounts for the degree of hazard to human life and damage to property.

Answer 11

Importance Factor, I

Question 12

Equivalent static force to be used in the
determination of wind loads for open buildings and other structures.

Answer 12

Design Force, F

Question 13

Equivalent static pressure to be used in the determination of wind loads for buildings.

Answer 13

Design Pressure, p

Question 14

An exposure category that adequately reflects the characteristics of ground surface irregularities.

Answer 14

Exposure Categories

Question 15

Urban and suburban areas, wooded
areas or other terrain with numerous closely spaced obstructions having the size of single- family dwellings or larger.

Answer 15

Exposure B

Question 16

Large city centers with at least 50% of the buildings having a height in excess of 70 ft (21.3 m).

Answer 16

Exposure A

Question 17

Flat, unobstructed areas exposed to wind flowing over open water for a distance of at least 1 mi (1.61 km).

Answer 17

Exposure D

Question 18

Open terrain with scattered obstructions having heights generally less than 30 ft (9.1 m).

Answer 18

Exposure C

Question 19

Total lateral force at the base of a building.

Answer 19

Seismic Base Shear

Question 20

Lateral force experienced at a particular story level (greatest in the
ground story and least in the top story).

Answer 20

Story Shear