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ABG Flashcards

(46 cards)

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1
Q

pH is inversely proportional to ______.

A

H+

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2
Q

If pH is < 7.35 then it is _____.

A

acidic

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3
Q

If pH is >7.45 then it is _____.

A

alkalotic

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4
Q

Why does the blood pH matter?

A

pH and temperature affect biochemical reactions

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5
Q

An acidotic state can lead to what 3 negative effects?

A
  • decreased efficacy of medications
  • decrease in catecholamine response
  • decrease in cardiac contractility
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6
Q

An alkalotic state can lead to what 3 negative effects?

A
  • interferes with muscular contractions
  • interferes with neurological functioning
  • interferes with tissue oxygenation
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7
Q

What is the definition of a buffer?

A

Chemical that binds excessive H+ (or OH-) without significant pH shift

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8
Q

What is the most important plasma buffering system?

A

carbonic acid-bicarbonate system

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9
Q

A buffer pair consists of what 2 things?

A

a weak acid + conjugate base

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10
Q

What is the carbonic acid-bicarbonate equation?

A

H2O + CO2 H2CO3 H + HCO3

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11
Q

In the body what is the “hero” and “villain” of the acid-base balance?

A
  • hero = bicarbonate

- villain = acid (H+)

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12
Q

What does the respiratory buffer response do?

A

CO2 is eliminated or retained via respiration

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13
Q

The more CO2 in the body the _______ the pH.

A

lower

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14
Q

The less CO2 in the body the _______ the pH.

A

higher

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15
Q

What organ is responsible for the renal buffer (metabolic) response?

A

kidneys

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16
Q

The renal metabolic response consists of what 2 things?

A
  • kidneys excrete or retain bicarbonate

- kidneys excrete or retain H+

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17
Q

The more HCO3-, the _____ the pH.

A

higher

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18
Q

The less HCO3-, the _____ the pH.

A

lower

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19
Q

How does the lungs compensate for an increase in carbonic acid (pH lowering)?

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A

Eliminates more CO2 by increasing respiration

20
Q

How does the lungs compensate for a decrease in carbonic acid (pH increasing)?

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A

Retains more CO2 by decreasing respiration

21
Q

Which of the compensation methods (respiratory/metabolic) is quick and begins in minutes?

22
Q

How does the kidneys compensate for an increase in carbonic acid (pH lowering)?

Study These Flashcards
A

Retains more HCO3

23
Q

How does the kidneys compensate for a decrease in carbonic acid (pH increasing)?

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A

Excretes more HCO3

24
Q

What equation describes the derivation of pH as a measure of acidity?

Study These Flashcards
A

Henderson-Hasselbach Equation

25
What is the formal for the Henderson-Hasselbach Equation?
pH = 6.1 + log [ HCO3/ (pCO2 x 0.03) ]
26
Any process that changes ______ is a metabolic process.
HCO3-
27
Any process that changes ______ is a respiratory process.
pCO2
28
pCO2 can only leave in one way, which is?
the lungs
29
pCO2 is produced where?
everywhere
30
HCO3 is produced where?
in the kidney
31
T/F: You are not able to overcompensate.
True
32
What is the ABG wishbone composed of?(from left to right)
pH/pCO2/pO2/HCO3/SaO2
33
When reading the ABG results it is important to note what about the patient?
% of O2 they are receiving if any
34
What are 3 indications for ABG draw?
- Assess status of oxygenation and ventilation - evaluate acid-base status - monitor effectiveness of therapy
35
T/F: ABG is significantly more painful than phlebotomy.
True
36
What are 4 sites in which ABG specimen can be collected? (* the preferred location)
- Radial artery puncture* - Brachial artery puncture - Femoral artery puncture - Arterial line draw
37
Before obtaining an ABG what 3 exams should be done on the puncture site?
- skin inspection - pulse exam - allen's test
38
Which artery is responsible for the dominant circulation of the hand?
ulnar artery
39
Ideally you want the whole hand to perfuse within how many seconds on an Allen test?
15 seconds
40
What are 4 contraindications for ABG?
- Abnormal Allen's test - Local skin infection/lymphedema - Arterial disease - Acral hypoperfusion
41
What 2 things does the ABG kit consist of?
- 22-25g needle | - Heparinized syringe system
42
T/F: The ABG syringe does not need a negative vacuum pressure.
True
43
Once you collect the ABG what is the first thing you should do?
Mix the arterial sample with heparin anticoagulant by rolling in your hands.
44
Once the ABG specimen is obtained ideally you want to run the test how quickly?
right away
45
Patients with dark skin it can be challenging to see change in perfusion. What test is better?
laser doppler flowmetry (LDF)
46
The heparinized syringe needle consists of how much heparin?
1-2 ml

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