Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

ClinLab > Clinical Chemistry General Questions > Flashcards

Clinical Chemistry General Questions Flashcards

(54 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

If you are collecting chemistry specimen which tubes should be used for serum? (2)

A
  • Tiger Top
  • Red Top

*All other tubes are plasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

This test is used to detect antigen in assay using antibodies.

A

Immunoassay

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the 4 types of ELISA?

A
  • Direct
  • Indirect
  • Sandwich
  • Competitive
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Any test result that may require rapid clinical attention is called what?

A

Critical value

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Basic metabolic panel contains what 4 things?

A
  • Concentration of electrolytes
  • Volume status
  • Acid Base status
  • Baseline renal function
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

When looking at the BMP fish bone what 4 values are electrolytes?

A

Na, K, Cl, CO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

When looking at the BMP fish bone what 2 values measure renal function?

A

BUN, Creatinine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the major extracellular and intracellular electrolyte ?

A
  • Extracellular = sodium

- Intracellular = potassium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Serum sodium levels reflect changes in what?

A

Water balance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which hormone is responsible for reabsorption of sodium?

A

Aldosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which hormone is responsible for reabsorption of water?

A

ADH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the 3 primary functions of sodium?

A
  • Maintain osmotic pressure
  • Acid base balance
  • Transmit nerve impulses
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the percentage of NaCl in the following saline solutions:

Normal
Half Normal
Hypertonic

A

Normal = 0.9%
Half normal = 0.45%
Hypertonic = 3%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Hyponatremia can be a result of what 3 things?

A
  • Hypervolemia
  • Hypovolemia
  • Euvolemia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Hyponatremia <116 mEg/L can result in what?

A

neurologic defects

seizures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How should sodium be replenished and why?

A

Must be replenished slowly to prevent central pontine myelinolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

If the patient presents with symptomatic hyponatremia, what saline solution is recommended?

A

Hypertonic saline solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the 2 functions of potassium?

A
  • Maintain intracellular neutrality

- Skeletal and cardiac contractions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How is potassium excreted and replenished?

A
  • excreted = urine

- replenished = diet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

If potassium is significantly elevated what should you consider doing and why?

A

A redraw as test can be falsely elevated with hemolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Diabetic patients need to be supplemented with insulin and what electrolyte?

A

Potassium

*To prevent hypokalemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What ECG changes are seen in hypokalemia? (2)

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Flattened T waves

- Prominent U waves

23
Q

What ECG changes are seen in hyperkalemia? (3)

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Peaked T waves
  • Widened QRS
  • Depressed ST segment
24
Q

Which electrolyte complements sodium to equal out the charge?

25
This ratio measures the metabolic function of the liver and excretory function of the kidneys.
BUN: Creatinine ratioH
26
What creatinine value should caution you against administering contrast dye?
1.5
27
Creatinine is used to assess what 2 things?
- renal function | - GFR
28
Creatinine is a product of what?
muscle breakdown
29
A BUN:Creatinine ratio of >20:1 suggests what? (2)
Prerenal causes: - volume depletion - dehydration
30
A BUN:Creatinine ratio of <20:1 suggests what? (3)
Renal causes: - Acute tubular necrosis - Glomerulonephritis - CKD
31
Hypoglycemia can be a result of what 4 things?
- Insuline resistance - Starvation - Insulinoma - Hypothyroidism
32
Hyperglycemia can be a result of what 2 things?
- Diabetes | - Acute stress
33
Calcium can be present in the body in what 3 ways? (%)
- 15% bound to anions - 40% bound to albumin - 45% active free calcium
34
What is the equation for corrected Ca level?
(Total Ca) + [ 0.8 * (4.0- (albumin))]
35
What are 3 signs/symptoms of hypocalcemia?
- nervousness - excitability - tetany
36
What can cause refractory hypocalcemia?
-Hypomagnesemia
37
What is the most common cause of hypercalcemia?
Hyperparathyroidism
38
Vitamin D intoxication can result in what?
Hypercalcemia
39
Anorexia, nausea, vomiting, somnolence and coma can be a result of what?
Hypercalcemia
40
What is the equation to measure exact CreCl?
UV/P ``` U = 24hr urine creatinine excretion V = volume urine/ml/min P = serum creatinine ```
41
What is the Cockroft-Gault formula for men? What do you have to add to calculate for women?
[(140-age)(weight in kg)] / (72*serum creatinine) -For woman *.85 to numerator
42
Creatinine clearance is a measure of what?
kidney function
43
What is the simple formula for serum anion gap?
Na - (Cl + HCO3)
44
When is a serum anion gap most commonly performed? (4)
- altered mental status - unknown exposures - acute renal failure - acute illnesses
45
What is the possible causes of anion gap acidosis (elevated anion gap)?
- Methanol - Uremia - Diabetes ketoacidosis - Paraldehyde - Iron / INH - Lactic acidosis - Ethylene glycol /ETOH - Salicylates
46
This means that there are more positively charged ions (acids) present in the blood than usual.
high anion gap
47
A high anion gap suggests what?
anion gap metabolic acidosis
48
T/F: You should NOT draw blood above an IV site.
True
49
CO2 value is a measurement of what 3 things?
H2CO3 Dissolved CO2 HCO3
50
Which of the volume are less specific and more sensitive to low volume states: BUN or creatinine?
BUN
51
what study is used to estimate GFR?
Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) study
52
The formula used to calculate eGFR systematically ____________ the value in African Americans
underestimates
53
The data used to develop the CKD-EPI formula showed that Black individuals in the dataset had, on average, GFR levels that were ____% higher than people of other races with the same age, sex, and serum creatinine level
16%
54
eGFR algorithms result in _____ reported eGFR values (which suggest better kidney function) for anyone identified as black
higher

ClinLab (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions