ABG and Miscellaneous Importance

Question 1

Normal PCO2

Answer 1

35-45

Question 2

Normal PO2

Answer 2

90-100

Question 3

Normal HCO3-

Answer 3

22-28

Question 4

Hypoxemia

Answer 4

Amount of O2 in the blood

Normal > 95%
Mild 90-95%
Moderate 80-90%
Severe

Question 5

Hypoxia

Answer 5

The amount of O2 in tissues

Normal 80-100
Mild 60-80
Moderate 50-60
Severe

Question 6

Present obstruction

Answer 6

FEV1 and FEV1/FVC = decreased
RV = increased
TLC = normal or increased

Question 7

Reversible obstruction

Answer 7

Look for improvement in FEV1 or FEV1/FVC

Question 8

Present restrictive disease

Answer 8

TLC = decreased

RV, VC, and FRC = usually decreased

Question 9

Combined disorder

Answer 9

Anything that trends differently from obstructive or restrictive presentation

Question 10

Isolated gas exchange abnormality

Answer 10

Normal PFT with decreased DLCO

Could be an early sign of interstitial lung disease, vasculitis, PE, or anemia

Question 11

Egophany

Answer 11

E sounds like A

Indicative of consolidation

Question 12

Broncophany

Answer 12

99

Question 13

Whispered pectoriloquy

Answer 13

1, 2, 3

Question 14

Tactile or verbal fremitus

Answer 14

Ulnar surface while saying 99

Increased = consolidation
Decreased = a lot of air flow

Question 15

Resonant

Answer 15

Loud, low-pitched

Heard over air-filled organs (lungs)

Question 16

Hyperresonant

Answer 16

Very low pitched

Heard over tissue with decreased density (diseased lungs, emphysema)

Question 17

Tympanic

Answer 17

High-pitched
Hollow organs (stomach)

Question 18

Dull

Answer 18

Low amplitude medium to high pitch

Heard over solid organs (liver)

Question 19

Flat

Answer 19

High pitch

Heard over muscle mass

Question 20

Surfactant

Answer 20

Does not let the lung collapse or over-expand during inhalation

Question 21

Direct relationship between pH and PCO2

Answer 21

Metabolic

Question 22

Indirect relationship between pH and PCO2

Answer 22

Respiratory

Question 23

Primary respiratory

Answer 23

Indirect relationship between pH and PCO2

Question 24

Primary metabolic

Answer 24

Direct relationship between pH and PCO2

Question 25

Acute respiratory

Answer 25

HCO3- normal

Question 26

Chronic respiratory

Answer 26

HCO3- abnormal

Question 27

Acute v chronic using PCO2 values

Answer 27

Per 10 change pH decreased 0.08 ACUTE pH decrease 0.03 CHRONIC

Question 28

Compensated

Answer 28

pH normal | PCO2 abnormal

Question 29

Partially compensated

Answer 29

pH abnormal | PCO2 abnormal

Question 30

Uncompensated

Answer 30

pH abnormal | PCO2 normal

Question 31

What findings would you expect with CONSOLIDATION

Answer 31

Observation... Decreased chest excursion Tachypnic If severe, cyanosis Palpation... Increased fremitus Mediate percussion... Dull Auscultation... Wheezing Egophany Whispered pectoriloquy Crackles

Question 32

What findings would you expect with EMPHYSEMA

Answer 32

Observation... Barrel chest (A/P increased excursion) Tachypnic Pursed lip breathing to keep alveoli open If advanced, accessory mm use Palpation... Decreased fremitus Mediate percussion... Hyperresonant Auscultation... Crackles Adventitious

Question 33

What findings would you expect with BRONCHITIS

Answer 33

Observation... Varies Palpation... Increased fremitus due to increased secretions Mediate percussion... Dull Auscultation... Wheezes

Question 34

What findings would you expect with PNEUMOTHORAX

Answer 34

Observation... ``` Decreased chest excursion Respiratory distress Cyanosis Tachypnic Tracheal deviation to side of decreased pressure (opposite side) ``` Palpation... Decreased fremitus Mediate percussion.... Hyperresonant Auscultation... Decreased or absent breath sounds Broncophany Egophany

Question 35

ABG pH of 7.4

Answer 35

BE SUSPICIOUS OF ORIGIN

Question 36

Normal pH

Answer 36

7.35-7.45

Question 37

Respiratory failure

Answer 37

PCO2 > 50