ABG's

Question 1

What is the normal range for arterial PH

Answer 1

7.35-7.45

Question 2

What is the normal range for arterial CO2?

Answer 2

35-45

read as 45-35 when analyzing it

Question 3

What is the normal range for arterial HCO3?

Answer 3

22-26

Question 4

What is the normal range for arterial PaO2?

Answer 4

80-100

Question 5

What is the normal range for arterial SaO2?

Answer 5

> 95%

Question 6

What is the normal range for arterial base (deficit/excess)

Answer 6

-2 to +2

Question 7

What is PH?

Answer 7

Percentage of hydrogen ions

Question 8

What is pCO2?

Answer 8

partial pressure of CO2 which is an indicator of acid and regulates with minute volume

Question 9

What is HcO3?

Answer 9

Bicarbonate which is a metabolic function

Is alkalotic or basic and moves in the same direction as pH

Question 10

What is BE?

Answer 10

Base deficit/excess

Too much means alkalotic and low little means acidotic (perfusion problem)

Question 11

What does >-4 indicate? BE >-19?

Answer 11

BE >-4 likely needs a blood transfusion

BE >-19 indicator of poor outcome

Question 12

What is the bicarb replacement formula?

Answer 12

0.1 x BE x kg = amount of bicarb needed

Question 13

What is pCO2?

Answer 13

Partial pressure of O2

SaO2 is the HGB sat O2

Question 14

When acidotic, which way does CO2 move on the scale?

Answer 14

To the right

Question 15

When alkalotic, which way does HCO3 move on the scale?

Answer 15

To the left

Question 16

What are the 3 compensatory mechanisms?

Answer 16

Partially compensated
Fully compensated
Uncompensated

Question 17

What does it mean when it is partially uncompensated?

Answer 17

If pH is outside of normal range and both CO2 and HCO3 are outside of normal, than it is partially compensated

Question 18

What does it mean to be fully compensated?

Answer 18

If pH is inside normal range but CO2 and HCO3 are outside normal than it is fully compensated

Question 19

What does it mean when it is uncompensated?

Answer 19

pH is outside of normal and only one of the CO2 or HCO3 is outside normal then it is uncompensated

Question 20

What are critical ABG’s for intubation?

Answer 20

pH < 7.2 severe shock
PCO2 > 55 vent failure
pO2 < 60 O2 failure

Question 21

What does it mean to have metabolic alkalosis?

Answer 21

Too little H+ or too much HCO3
usually the result of loss of H+, NA+, K- or CL-
Caused by vomiting, suctioning, diuretics, antacid poisonings, or corticosteroids

Question 22

What does it mean to have metabolic acidosis?

Answer 22

To much H+ or too little HCO3
Caused by DKA, hyperthermia or fever, Seizures or rhabdo
This is the number 1 cause of lactic acidosis

Question 23

What does it mean to have respiratory alkalosis?

Answer 23

Breathing too fast and offloading too much CO2
Result of hyperventilation, ASA poisonings, hyperthermia or heat injuries, hypermetabolic states, fever, anxiety, pain, pregnancy or high altitude.
If on a vent check tidal volume and then rate

Question 24

What does it mean to have respiratory acidosis?

Answer 24

breathing too slow and not offloading enough CO2
caused by chest wall injury, CNS depression, lung or rib injury, COPD, asthma
Need to increase rate

Question 25

pH and ETCO2 relationship?

Answer 25

Each change of 10 in ETCO2, pH will change in opposite direction by 0.08

Question 26

pH and HCO3 relationship?

Answer 26

Each change of 0.15 in pH, HCO3 will change in same direction by 10

Question 27

pH and K+ relationship?

Answer 27

each change of 0.10 in pH, K+ will shift in opposite direction by 0.6

Question 28

CO2 and K+ relationship?

Answer 28

each change

Question 29

How long does it take for bicarb/carbonic buffer system to react?

Answer 29

Seconds

Question 30

If you are retaining hydrogen ions, does that mean your acidotic or alkalotic?

Answer 30

Acidotic

Question 31

A PaO2 of 60% is roughly equal to an SaO2 of what?

Answer 31

90%

Question 32

PCO2 vs SaO2 in percentage?

Answer 32

``` pCO2 SaO2 90mmhg 100% 60mmhg 90% 30mmhg 60% 27mmhg 50% ```