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Flight Paramedic Certification Study set > Lab studies > Flashcards

Lab studies Flashcards

(57 cards)

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1
Q

What is in a Chem 7 panel?

A 
NA+ (Sodium)
K+ (Potassium) 
CL- (chloride)
CO2 (Carbon Dioxide)
BUN (Blood urea Nitrogen)
CR (Creatinine)
Glucose
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2
Q

What is the normal range for NA+

A

135-145

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3
Q

What is the normal range for K+

A

3.5-5

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4
Q

What is the normal range for CL-

A

96-106

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5
Q

What is the normal range for CO2

A

22-26

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6
Q

What is the normal range for BUN

A

8-23

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7
Q

What is the normal range for Creatinine

A

0.7-1.4

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8
Q

What is the normal range for Glucose

A

60-100 or 70-110

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9
Q

What does NA+ do in the body?

A

Helps nerves and muscles interact

It is the primary extracellular cation

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10
Q

What does hypernatremia cause?

A

Fluid retention

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11
Q

What does hyponatremia cause?

A

CHF, renal failure, liver disease and dehydration

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12
Q

If you don’t correct hyponatremia slowly, what can it cause?

A

Central pontine myelinolysis

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13
Q

What can happen if your sodium drops below 125?

A

Behavioral problems, twitching and cardiac abnormalities

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14
Q

What electrolyte abnormality is the most dangerous?

A

Potassium K+

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15
Q

What can hyperkalemia cause?

A

Tissue breakdown, metabolic acidosis, acute renal failure

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16
Q

What EKG change is indicative of hyperkalemia?

A

Peaked T waves
P waves will flatten
Bradycardia

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17
Q

What are some symptoms of hyperkalemia?

A

Abdominal cramping, nausea, hypotension, bradycardia, numbness

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18
Q

What is the treatment for Hyperkalemia?

A

Goal is to push into cells
Bicarb, insulin, D50 and albuterol
To prevent V-Tach, give calcium gluconate

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19
Q

What medication do you give to excrete

A

Lasix and Kayexalate

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20
Q

What is the preferred method of administration of K+

A

Oral

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21
Q

What does hypokalemia cause?

A

GI/Renal losses, cellular shifts (insulin, hypothermia).

Lasix is a common cause of hypokalemia

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22
Q

What will the EKG show?

A

Depressed/inverted or flattened T waves

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23
Q

What is the treatment for hypokalemia?

Study These Flashcards
A

Give 60 mEq of oral K+

If severe you can give 10 mEq IV

24
Q

What does CL do

Study These Flashcards
A

Maintains osmotic pressure, helps stomach produce acid and responsible for offsetting NA+ and K+
It is an important role in how kidneys concentrate urine
It tends to shift with NA+

25
What does CO2 do?
Important for helping maintain acid base balance
26
What does BUN do
Provides picture of renal clearance and is always paired with CR and increases with age
27
What does CR do?
Provides picture of renal clearance and produces at a steady rate.
28
What is total calcium and what does it do? What is the normal range?
It is the most essential electrolyte in the body, mostly in bones Found in 3 different states: 47% free, dispersed in body fluids, 43% bound to proteins, 10% bound to molecules 8.5-1.2
29
What can cause hypercalcemia?
Tumor on parathyroid, tuberculosis, thiazide diuretics, kidney transplant
30
What causes hypocalcemia?
Low level albumin, decreased vitamin D/calcium intake, alcoholism, pancreatitis, renal failure
31
What are some signs and symptoms of hypocalcemia?
Chvostek's or Trousseau's sign Chvostek sign: cheek muscle spasm when facial nerve tapped in front of ear Trousseau's sign: curl up of wrist when BP cuff applied Treat with calcium gluconate
32
What is an anion gap?
NA+, CL- and HCO3 factored together to determine anion gap | Considered the poor man ABG
33
What is a normal Anion Gap?
12 (+/- 4) (NA) - (CL + HCO3) = Anion gap
34
In an anion gap acidosis, what level of pH may be treated with Sodium Bicarb
< 7.0
35
What is in a CBC?
Red blood cells, Hemoglobin, Hematocrit, white blood cells, platelets
36
What is the normal range for Red blood cells and what do they do?
5 million | Carry O2 to tissue
37
What is the normal range for hemoglobin and what does it do?
15 | Carries O2 from lungs to body
38
What is the normal range for hematocrit and what does it do?
45% | % of RBC in blood
39
What is the normal range for white blood cells and what do they do?
4500-11k | Body's defense, part of immune system
40
What is the normal range for platelets and what do they do?
150k-400k | Aids in clotting
41
What is the normal range for total protein and what do they do?
6-8 | Helps to fight stuff
42
What is the normal range for albumin and what does it do?
3.5-5.5 | Produced in liver and transports protein
43
What is the normal range for PT, PTT, and INR?
PT- 10-13 sec PTT- 25-40 sec INR- .9-1.3
44
What is the intrinsic pathway
``` (Heparin) Triggered by endothelial damage platelets activate initiates clotting Forms clot clot dissolves ```
45
What is the extrinsic pathway?
``` (coumadin) Triggered by damage to tissue Release of tissue thromboplastin highest in brain in placenta platelets activate initiates clot forms clot clot dissolves ```
46
What is the treatment for overdose of lovenox or heparin
Pratamine Sulfate
47
What is the treatment for overdose of coumadin?
Vitamin K
48
What is measured in a liver function test?
AST, ALT, ALP, Albumin, Billirubin
49
What is the normal range for ALT and it's function?What is measured in a liver function test?
7-55 | Helps body metabolize protein
50
What is the normal range for AST and it's function?
8-48 | Helps metabolize alanine (amino acid)
51
What is the normal range for ALP and it's function?
45-115 | Enzyme in liver, bile ducts and bones. can indicate any blocked bile ducts
52
What is the normal range for bilirubin and what is it's function?
0.1-1.2 | Produced during normal breakdown of RBC
53
What is the normal range for lactate and it's funtion?
0.5-1 | Indicates tissue hypo-perfusion or hypoxia
54
What is the normal range for amylase and what is it's function?
25-125 Breaks down carbs in food into simple sugars Testing used to detect pancreatitis
55
What is the normal range of lipase and it's funciton?
5-60 | Breaks down fats
56
What is the calculation for urine?
``` 2/1/0.5 2 ml/kg/hr infant 1 ml/kg/hr child 0.5 ml/kg/hr adult Average urine output: 30-50ml/hr ```
57
What is the normal range for ALT and it's function?
275-295 Measures the wt of a solution Indicator of hydration status

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