ABGs

Question 1

ventilation

Answer 1

the movement of air into and out of the lungs

Question 2

perfusion

Answer 2

the movement of blood into and out of the lungs

Question 3

V/Q can be determined in what ways

Answer 3

auscultation

V/q scan

ABGs

Question 4

what are ABGs dependent on

Answer 4

position

posture

age

obesity

other factors - altitude, meds, etc

Question 5

ABGs provide opportunity to examine

Answer 5

alveolar ventilation

oxygenation

acid base relationship in the body

Question 6

ABGs provide the assessment of blood pH which…

Answer 6

shows insight to the nature and magnitude of respiratory and metabolic disorders

Question 7

bicarbonate (HCO3) assesses

Answer 7

kidney fxn

Question 8

what is the resp parameter for ABGs?

Answer 8

PaCO2

Question 9

what is the metabolic parameter for ABGs

Answer 9

HCO3

Question 10

what directly reflects the adequacy of alveolar ventilation

Answer 10

PaCO2

Question 11

PaCO2 that is less than normal indicates

Answer 11

alveolar hyperventilation

greater than normal (hypoventilation)

Question 12

ventilatory failure

Answer 12

PaCO2 lvls greater than 50 mmHg

Question 13

T/F: severity of failure is determined by how quickly the pH changes

Answer 13

true

Question 14

what provides insight into the nature and magnitude of respiratory or metabolic disorders

Answer 14

pH

describes balance b/w blood acids and bases

Question 15

lungs and kidneys regulate what two types of acids

Answer 15

volatile (alternate from liquid to gaseous state)

non-volatile (can not change to gas)

Question 16

what regulates volatile acids

Answer 16

the lungs

presented by carbonic acid in the blood –> via excretion of CO2

Question 17

what regulates non-organic (volatile) acids

Answer 17

kidneys

presented by lactic acid and ketoacid

Question 18

what are kidneys also primarily responsible for

Answer 18

regulation of the major blood base - bicarbonate (HCO3)

Question 19

causes of metabolic acidosis (1)

Answer 19

diabetic ketoacidosis

diarrhea

renal failure

shock

Question 20

causes of metabolic acidosis (2)

Answer 20

salicylate overdose

sepsis

lactic acidosis

Question 21

signs and symptoms of metabolic acidosis (1)

Answer 21

bicarbonate deficit

hyperventilation

headache

mental dullness

deep respirations

Question 22

signs and symptoms of metabolic acidosis (2)

Answer 22

stupor

coma

hyperkalemia

cardiac arrythmia

Question 23

respiratory acidosis

Answer 23

alveolar hypoventilation

hypercapnia

Question 24

causes of respiratory acidosis (1)

Answer 24

drug overdose

chest trauma

pulmonary edema

Question 25

causes of respiratory acidosis (2)

Answer 25

airway obstruction COPD neuromuscular dz

Question 26

S&S of respiratory acidosis (1)

Answer 26

hypercapnia hypoventilation headache visual disturbance confusion

Question 27

S&S of respiratory acidosis (2)

Answer 27

drowsiness coma depressed tendon reflexes hyperkalemia ventricular fibrillation

Question 28

causes of metabolic alkalosis

Answer 28

loss of gastric secretions over dose off antacids potassium (wasting diuretics)

Question 29

S&S of metabolic alkalosis (1)

Answer 29

bicarb excess depressed respirations mental confusion dizziness numbness/tingling in digits

Question 30

S&S of metabolic alkalosis (2)

Answer 30

tetany convulsion hypokalemia cardiac arrythmia

Question 31

respiratory alkalosis

Answer 31

alveolar hyperventilation or hypocapnia

Question 32

causes of respiratory alkalosis (1)

Answer 32

hyperventilation related to: -anxiety -high altitude -pregnancy -fever

Question 33

causes of respiratory alkalosis (2)

Answer 33

hyperventilation related to: -hypoxia -excessive TV in vented pts -initial stage of pulmonary embolus

Question 34

S&S of respiratory alkalosis (1)

Answer 34

hypocapnia lightheadedness numbness/tingling in digits tetany

Question 35

S&S of respiratory alkalosis (2)

Answer 35

convulsions hypokalemia cardiac arrythmias

Question 36

relationship b/w PaCO2 and pH

Answer 36

PaCo2 inc will dec pH and vice versa inverse relationship

Question 37

PaO2 norm

Answer 37

>75 mmHg

Question 38

mild hypoxemia --> PaO2

Answer 38

65-74 mmHg

Question 39

moderate hypoxemia --> PaO2

Answer 39

50-65 mmHg

Question 40

severe hypoxemia --> PaO2

Answer 40

45-50 mmHg

Question 41

O2 sat norm

Answer 41

95% or more

Question 42

mild hypoxemia --> O2 sat

Answer 42

90-95%

Question 43

moderate hypoxemia --> O2 sat

Answer 43

80-90%

Question 44

severe hypoxemia --> O2 sat

Answer 44

75-80%

Question 45

norms --> pH

Answer 45

7.35-7.45

Question 46

norms --> PaCO2

Answer 46

35-45 mmHg

Question 47

norms --> HCO3

Answer 47

22-26 mEq/l

Question 48

acid values --> pH

Answer 48

< 7.35

Question 49

acid values --> PaCO2

Answer 49

> 45 mmHg

Question 50

acid values --> HCO3

Answer 50

< 22 mEq/l

Question 51

alkaline values --> pH

Answer 51

> 7.45

Question 52

alkaline values --> PaCO2

Answer 52

< 35 mmHg

Question 53

alkaline values --> HCO3

Answer 53

> 26 mEq/l