ABGs and Lines Flashcards
What does PO2 measure
free unbound O2
PO2 is the driving force for…
Hb saturation with O2
PO2 is determined by
- Alveolar ventilation
- V/Q
- FiO2
What are ABGs a measure of
partial pressure and pH of O2 and CO2 in the blood
PCO2 is controlled by ____
ventilation
HCO3- is regulated by
Renal
CO2 is regulated by
respiratory
Normal range for pH
7.35-7.45
Normal range for PaCO2
35-45
Normal range for HCO3-
22-28
Normal range for PaO2
80-100mmHg
Normal range for SaO2
95-100%
metabolic and respiratory acidosis =
pH is lower than normal
metabolic and respiratory alkalosis
pH is higher than normal
Respiratory acidosis =
pH Declined
PaCO2 increase
HCO3 normal
Respiratory alkalosis =
pH increase
PaCO2 decrease
HCO3 normal
Metabolic acidosis =
pH decreased
PaCO2 normal
HCO3 decreased
metabolic alkalosis =
pH increased
PaCO2 normal
HCO3 increase
6 rules for examining ABGs
- look at pH first to see what primary process it is (acidosis or alkalosis)
- remember clinical context (respiratory or metabolic condition)
- respiratory compensation can take minutes to hours
- renal compensation can take 1-5 days to occur
- compensation can be partial or total
- for alveolar hypoventilation the PO2 should only decrease 1 mmHg for every 1 mmHg increase in PaCO2
What is an ART line? where might it be inserted?
constantly monitor arterial BP
- may be inserted into radial, axillary, femoral or pedal artery
Precautions with ART lines
- infusion bag must be kept above insertion site
- notify RN if transducer disconnected
- ROM restrictions (ie. no hip flexion past 90° with femoral ART line)
What is a PICC line? Where might it be inserted?
to deliver chemotherapy or antibiotics (often simultaneously)
- inserted into large vein of the arm near bend of elbow and pushed until tip sits above heart
Precautions with a PICC line
do not mobilize until proper insertion confirmed with x-ray
What is an ECG line
Measures Electrical activity of heart
